Atmospheric chemistry - Colegio Nacional Nicolas Esguerra

Atmospheric chemistry - Colegio Nacional Nicolas Esguerra

COLEGIO NACIONAL NICOLAS ESGUERRA
“E d i f i c a m o s
F u t u r o”
AREA DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL
PROYECTO AMBIENTAL ESCOLAR PRAE 2014
“SEMANA AMBIENTAL”
Bogotá junio de 2014
Atmospheric chemistry
The ancient Greeks regarded
air as one of the four elements,
but the first scientific studies of
atmospheric composition began
in the 18th century. Chemists
such as Joseph Priestley,
Antonie Lavoisier y Henry
Cavendish made the first
measurements
of
the
composition of the atmosphere.
In the late 19th and early 20th
centuries
interest
shifted
towards trace constituents with
very small concentrations. One
particularly important discovery
for atmospheric chemistry was
the
discovery
of ozone by
Christian Friedrich Schönbein in
1840.
In
the
20th
century
atmospheric science moved
on
from
studying
the
composition of air to a
consideration of how the
concentrations
of
trace
gases in the atmosphere
have changed over time and
the
chemical
processes
which create and destroy
compounds in the air. Two
particularly
important
examples of this were the
explanation
by
Sydney
Chapman and Gordon
Dobson of how the ozone
layer is
created
and
maintained,
and
the
explanation of photochemical
smog by Arie Jan HaagenSmit. Further studies on
ozone issues led to the 1995
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
award shared between Paul
Crutzen, Mario
Molina and Frank Sherwood
Rowland
In the XXI century the focus
of study is changing again.
The
chemistry
of
the
atmosphere is increasingly
studied as a part of the Earth
sciences. Instead of focusing
on atmospheric chemistry in
isolation, the focus now is to
see it as a part of a system
with the rest of Earth's
atmosphere, biosphere and
geosphere. A particularly
important thread for this
approach
are
the
relationships
between
chemistry and climate, as the
effects of climate change on
the recovery of the ozone
hole and vice versa, and also
the
interaction
of
the
composition
of
the
atmosphere
and
ocean
ecosystems land.
Atmospheric chemistry is a
branch
of atmospheric
science in
which
the
chemistry of
the Earth's
atmosphere and that of other
planets is studied.
The
composition
and
chemistry
of
the atmosphere is
of
importance
for
several
reasons,
but
primarily
because of the interactions
between the atmosphere and
living
organisms.
The
composition of the Earth's
atmosphere changes as
result of natural processes
suchas volcano emissions, li
ghtning and bombardment by
solar particles from corona.
The
chemistry
of
the
atmosphere
is
a
multidisciplinary field
of
research
and
draws
on environmental chemistry,
physics, meteorology,
computer modeling,
oceanography, geology and
volcanology and
other
disciplines.
Research
is
increasingly connected with
other areas of study such
as climatology.
It has also been changed by
human activity and some of
these changes are harmful to
human health, crops and
ecosystems.
TALLER SEMANA AMBIENTAL
Observation
Observations
of
atmospheric
chemistry are essential to our
understanding.
Routine
observations
of
composition
chemical
tell
us
changes
in
atmospheric
composition
over
time.
One
the Keeling Curve - a series of
depletion, photochemical smog,
greenhouse gases and global
warming.
Atmospheric chemists seek
to understand the causes of
these problems, and by
obtaining
a
theoretical
understanding of them, allow
possible solutions to be
tested and the effects of
changes
in
government
policy evaluated.
measurements
from
1958
in of the concentration of carbon
Observations
Gas
según NASA
Nitrógeno, N2 78.084%
Oxígeno, O2
20.946%
Argón, Ar
0.934%
of
atmospheric chemistry are made
in observatories such as that
on Mauna Loa and on mobile
platforms such as aircraft (e.g.
the
UK's Facility
Atmospheric
for
Airborne
Measurements),
ships and balloons. Observations
of atmospheric composition are
increasingly
by satellites with
important
such
as GOME and MOPITT giving
a
global picture of air pollution and
chemistry. Surface observations
have the advantage that they
Para el miércoles 4 de
junio
3. Make a collage about the
Atmospheric pollution use
a half of a card board
paper.
Para el jueves 5 de
junio
4. Salve a crossword puzzle
of
20
words
about
Chemical Pollution of the
Atmosphere.
Para el viernes 6 de
junio
5. Make a mind map about
the human being in the
environmental
pollution
and its possible solutions.
provide long term records at high
time resolution but are limited in
the vertical and horizontal space
Constituyentes menores (en ppm)
they provide observations from.
3
18.18
Some surface based instruments
Helio, He
5.24
e.g. LIDAR can
Metano, CH4
1.7
concentration profiles of chemical
Kriptón, Kr
1.14
compounds and aerosol but are
Hidrógeno, H2 0.55
still restricted in the horizontal
Vapor de
agua
2. Write an acrostic with the
words
Atmospheric
Chemistry make it in your
notebook.
made
instruments
Composición media del aire
atmosférico seco, en % en
volumen
to
today which show a steady rise
dioxide.
1. Read and translate
the
Reading tex tinto Spanish
in your notebook
about
important example of this is
Examples of problems which
have been addressed by
atmospheric
chemistry
include acid
rain, ozone
Para el martes 3 de junio
provide
Water
region they can cover. Many
Muy variable;
típicamente, un 1%
observations are available on line
in Atmospheric
Chemistry
Observational Databases.
La vida es bella cuidemos el planeta
Manuel Piñeros Ruiz