Raul Vicente

Transcripción

Raul Vicente

Raul Vicente
[email protected]
lunes, 11 de noviembre de 13
ILJA
TAMBET
JAAN
EVERT
KRISTJAN
TAIVO
JULIUS-LAAK
KRISTINA
RAUL
ARDI
What is Neuroscience?
To understand how the brain works
HTTP://VIMEO.COM/69513876
“Men ought to know that from nothing
else but the brain come joys, delights,
laughter and sports, and sorrows,
griefs, despondency, and lamentations”
HIPPOCRATES
> 30000 neuroscientists at SfN meeting
Why to study
Neuroscience?
Your brain (a spongy, 1.5 kg of tissue) is the most
complex living structure in the known universe
A single organ that controls the body
>1000 disorders of the brain and nervous system
Network more complicated than any social network
>100 billion neurons & 100 trillion of synapses
Why to study
Neuroscience?
Heart rate, temperature, pressure, sleep,...
Coordinated movement of muscles
Why to study
Neuroscience?
Parkinson, Alzheimer, autism, multiple sclerosis,
depression, schizophrenia,...
Parkinson tested from phone call...with 99% accuracy
Many perspectives...
Cognitive
Anatomical
Evolutionary
Molecular
Clinical
Social
...
What is Computational
Neuroscience?
To understand how brains “compute”
1) Use computers to simulate and model brain function
2) Data analysis of brain recordings
understanding at three levels
3 questions
Functional:
What information processing
problem is being solved ?
Algorithm:
What information processing steps
are carried out to solve it ?
(Biophysical) Implementation:
How is the algorithm implemented in
biological hardware ?
Machines vs Brains
COMPUTER
BRAIN
PRECISE, SYMBOLIC DATA
LOW RESOLUTION, AMBIGUOUS DATA
MEMORY / COMPUTATION
MEMORY & COMPUTATION
CENTRALIZED PROCESSING
DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SEQUENTIAL
PARALLEL
PROGRAMMING
LEARN
CLOCK-DRIVEN
EVENT-DRIVEN
FAST & HOT
SLOW & COOL
Computer wins by KO
WHAT IS THE PRIME FACTORIZATION OF
238434728?
Brain wins by KO
Try to program a computer to do the same...
Brain wins by KO
Brain wins by KO
Brain wins by KO
Try to program a robot to move smoothly...
Amazon mechanical turks for human intelligence tasks
Open questions
How are memories encoded and retrieved?
What does the activity of the brain at rest represents?
How do brains simulate the future?
What are emotions?
What is intelligence?
Why do brains sleep and dream?
What is consciousness?
Jaan
A SMALL MAN WORKING ON TOO BIG PROBLEMS
teadvus.wordpress.com
Jaan
How does conscious experience arise
out of the working of neurons?
Trying to find out NCC
Specifically, the curve in Fig. 1 can be interpreted
as reflecting how the total amount of synaptic
strength in the cerebral cortex (and possibly other
brain structures) changes as a function of wakefulness and sleep. Thus, the hypothesis claims that,
under normal conditions, total synaptic strength
increases during wakefulness and reaches a maximum just before going to sleep. Then, as soon as
sleep ensues, total synaptic strength begins to
decrease, and reaches a baseline level by the time
Jaan
with the environment and acquire information
about it. The EEG is activated, and the neuromodulatory milieu (for example, high levels of noradrenaline, NA) favors the storage of information,
which occurs largely through long-term potentiation of synaptic strength. This potentiation
occurs when the firing of a presynaptic neuron is
followed by the depolarization or firing of a
postsynaptic neuron, and the neuromodulatory
milieu signals the occurrence of salient events.
Strengthened synapses are indicated in red, with
What is the function of sleep?
Fig. 2
The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis.
Jaan & Julius-Laak
What are the neural mechanisms of
dreaming?
Using EEG,MEG, iEEG,TMS
Kristjan
“You have to begin to lose your memory, if only in
bits and pieces, to realize that memory is what
makes our lives. Life without memory is no life at
all... Our memory is our coherence, our reason, our
feeling, even our action. Without it we are nothing.”
LUIS BUNUEL
Kristjan
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=VWIGMKTIX2Y
Kristjan
Same or diﬀerent?
Reward (juice)
Kristjan & Kristina
Sample (visual
recognition &
memory
encoding)
Delay (memory
maintenance)
Test (visual
recognition,
comparison,
decision making)
Kristjan & Kristina
Machine
learning to
find relevant
patterns.
Ilya & Evert
We have the device
Ilya & Evert
We have the device
It reads out your
brain signal
Ilya & Evert
We have the device
It reads out your
brain signal
We do things with it
Control external devices
Aid disabled people
Study how brain works
Aid disabled people
Aid disabled people
Psychological experiments
How do we do that?
How do we do that?
Process the signal
How do we do that?
Process the signal
How do we do that?
Apply Machine Learning
Process the signal
How do we do that?
Apply Machine Learning
Develop an application
Ardi
Modeling the Neocortex
Six-layers of neurons that covers the rest of your brain (size of a napkin)
Most enlarged structure during mammalian evolution (cognitive
capabilities)
Repetitive columnar architecture all over
Common
cortical
algorithm?
Prediction?
Ardi
Small part visual cortex
Retina, thalamus, cortex
60000 neurons
3000000 synapses
Tiny compared to reality
Ardi
No ethical
constrains
We are the
Gods within the
virtual reality of
the model
& more...
TAIVO
TAMBET
How the brain
simulates the
future?
Stop by any time...
ROOM 015
Courses
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
MTAT.03.291
SEMINAR IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
MTAT.03.292
Thank you!

Raul Vicente

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