management plan for balearic boat seines - STECF

Transcripción

MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR BALEARIC BOAT SEINES
October 2012
Management plan for Balearic boat seines
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1. Introduction
This Management Plan (MPBBS) focused on the traditional seines “jonquillera” and
“gerretera”, has the aim in one hand of fulfilling what is requested in the article 19 of
Council Regulation (EC) No 1967/2006 of 21 December 2006 regarding
management measures for the sustainable exploitation of fishery resources in the
Mediterranean Sea, amending Regulation (EEC) No 2847/93 and repealing
Regulation (EC) No 1626/94, and in the other hand, to provide scientifica and
technical support to the request for exceptions due to the accomplishment of certain
technical measures described in articles 9 and 13 of the mentioned Regulation
previously mentioned.
The exception requested is based on the fact that local fishing modalities such as
jonquillera and gerretera are mono specific, and they use in the sack a lower mesh than
those established for this kind of fishing equipment and that they are drawnt at a
shorter distance from the coast and in lower depth waters than allowed by the
Regulation (EC) No 1967/2006.
This MPBBS has been structured according to the article 6 of Council Regulation
(EC) No 2371/2002 of 20 December 2002 on the conservation and sustainable
exploitation of fisheries resources under the Common Fisheries Policy
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2. Aims
The first aim of MPBBS is to ensure the long term sustainability of transparent goby
and lowbody picarel fisheries. In this sense, MPBBS establishes appropriate levels of
reference for the yield of the fleet, as well as management measures agreed with the
sector, aimed at reducing the pressure on the stock if the reference values are not
attained.
As a second aim, MPBBS provides for the reduction of the percentage by weight of
bycatch species. The achievement of this objective is considered very realistic with the
addition of the measure reflected in section 4 of the Draft Decree establishing the
Management Plan for the traditional boat seines in the waters of the Balearic Islands
included in this document. With the implementation of this measure is expected a
reduction approximately from present 6% to 3%. This will further ensure the monospecific feature of the fishery and its little or negligible impact on the rest of fishing
species exploited by other modalities in the area.
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3. Target species
The traditional boat seines of Balearic Islands operate on two gobid species and the
lowbody picarel, changing with season and island.
3.1. Target species of jonquillera boat seine
3.1.1. Transparent goby Aphia minuta (Risso, 1810)
Local common name: jonquillo
Spanish common name: Chanquete
Description:
Elongated goby, with laterally compressed body. Many sensory papillae are located
on the head, which is big, but does not present oculo-scapulars channels. Big mouth
with a single row of teeth in the lower jaw. Lateral series of between 18 and 20 cycloid
and very deciduous scales; naked nape and predorsal area. Pelvic disk full, elongated
in males. In the Mediterranean it does not exceed 60 mm in total length and despite
being semi-transparent, shows a brown-yellowish pattern of background with small
dark spots along the base of the second dorsal, anal fins and head.
Distribution and biology:
Mediterranean, including Black Sea, and Eastern Atlantic from Norway to Morocco.
Nectonic and gregarious species of benthic habits when it reproduces and living on
detritic bottoms from shallow water coastal up to about 100 m depth. Is a shortliving species which dies in their first year after its reproduction in winter.
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3.1.2. Ferrer’s goby Pseudaphya ferreri (De Buen & Fage, 1908)
Local common name: Cabotí, cabot
Spanish common name: Roseti
Description:
Elongated goby, with laterally compressed body. Big head with oculo-scapular and
pre-operculum channels present and many sensory papillae. The mouth, also big, has
a single series of small teeth without conspicuous canines on the lower jaw. Body
covered with ctenoid scales, between 25 and 30 in the lateral line, present also in the
predorsal area. The scales are cycloid in the ventral area located between the head
and the abdomen. Complete pelvic disc.
Semi-transparent and darker background coloured than Aphia, shows some faint
orange spots around the body and a series of lateral dark spots that culminate in a
black stain, largest and very conspicuous on the caudal peduncle. If it dies out of the
water, shows an orange background coloration that distinguish it from the pale
yellowish transparent goby.
It grows to a size of 3.5 cm total length (males); females mature from 2.6 - 2.7 cm
long
Mediterranean endemism, abundant in the Western Basin and the Adriatic, reaching
Israel and Egypt in the Eastern basin.
Nectonic and gregarious in detritic coastal bottoms. In Balearics is frequent between
december and april forming large shoals. Predates mainly on small planktonic
invertebrates. Reproduces in June.
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3.2. Target species of gerretera seine.
3.2.1. Lowbody picarel Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Local common name: Gerret
Spanish common name: Caramel.
Description:
Elongated body (total leght about 5 or 6 times the height) cylindrical and slightly
compressed, which becomes laterally compressed with age in males. Pointed head
with a small and characteristically protractile mouth, with small and corneous teeth.
The dorsal fin, of uniform height, is high and more developed in males. Ctenoid
scales, with between 75 and 81 in the lateral line. Sexual dicromatism: males with
bright grey-bluish back, with blue, green and yellow spots especially on the odd fins
and head. Females are less colourful with dark brownish back. When excited, both
sexes show wide and dark transverse bands on the flanks. The belly is silver and both
sexes have a very characteristic rectangular black stain on the flanks. The mediumsized males rarely exceed 20 cm in total length and females 16 cm.
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The species is, sensu lato, endemic from the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, present
also in the Atlantic coasts of Morocco and Portugal. Nectonic habits, it forms large
banks who roam near the bottom. Prefer the coastal detritic bottoms associated or
not to seagrass beds, and coastal detritic bottoms to 100 m depth.
Is a protogynic hermaphrodite, which breeds from March to May in the Balearic
islands (Lozano, 1953). Males excavate a nest in the sandy bottom, which defend
against intruders and where females lay eggs. Feeds on zooplankton.
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4. Boat seine modalities in Balearic Islands (jonquillera and gerretera)
Artisanal fisheries have been since ancient times an important activity in the Balearic
Islands. It is variable and multispecific, exploiting the resources of opportunistic way
in certain forms. However, there is a fairly definite pattern of rotation that associates
the modality with the season of the year, which is repeated annually.
Considering the most important artisanal fisheries, and especially on the island of
Majorca, the transparent goby or jonquillo (Aphia and Pseudaphia) fishing from
December to March, the red lobster (Palinurus vulgaris) from April to August and the
dolphin fish (Coryphaena hippurus) from September to November; therefore creates a
fishing cycle linked to the biology of the major species. There are also other important
artisanal fisheries as the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) from February to May, gerret d’ artet
lowbody picarel (Spicara smaris) from December to April, the Red Rock mullet (Mullus
surmuletus) from July to November and the palangró (small bottom longlines) which
exploits different species of high commercial value like grouper, sea-bream, dogsteeth, etc. (Epinephelus marginatus, Sparus pagrus, Dentex dentex, etc.), mainly from
September to December but with less seasonality than other modalities. All these
fisheries can be combined at the discretion of the fishermen that are conditioned by
the market, environmental conditions, the evolution of catches, the significant
increase in some not exploited populations, etc.
The fishing with the present boat seines began, probably, from the fishing of littoral
fishes with primitive beach seine, evolving later to gears such as the artet or bolitx, for
boat or beach, respectively; in the Balearic Islands there are documented references
on this type of gear since the 16th century.
Occasional catch of transparent goby and lowbody picarel led design of special nets,
by adjusting the mesh of the sack for each species and arming the network for not to
drag on the bottom but just only brush it, that led to the current boat seine gears: the
jonquiller o xarxa jonquillera (for transparent goby) and artet de gerret or gerreter (for
lowbody picarel).
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Although in the past they might have been probably used in all the major islands,
today they are restricted to Mallorca for the jonquillera and, in the case of the gerretera
to the Pitiusas (Ibiza and Formentera) and, occasionally, Mallorca. In Menorca the
use of the jonquillera is already documented in the early 20th century but nowadays is
not used anymore. The antiquity and tradition of these arts is considered a
fundamental feature to request the protection of these modalities in the waters of the
Balearic Islands.
4.1. Jonquillera
4.1.1. The fishery of transparent goby (jonquillo) with the jonquiller
As a consequence of the presence of coast shoals of Aphia and Pseudaphya during
winter and early spring, part of the artisanal fleet of Mallorca focuses on its capture.
Every year they begin this modality (more than thirty in average in the last ten years)
and the number of them that keep the activity throughout the season depends on
greater or lesser abundance of the resource and the success of their catches.
It must be considered that the seasonal occurrence of the resource of the jonquillo is
a relief for other resources, notably those exploited with trammel nets or coastal
longlines, because boats undertaking boat seine fishing cannot combine it with any
other gear.
The target of this fishery are the adults of the transparent goby, and though the
Spanish name is "chanquete" has nothing to do with the currently prohibited fishing
larvae and juveniles of clupeiformes that took place years ago in the Spanish
Mediterranean south coast region (area of Málaga) in a similar way to the Italian
“bianchetto”.
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The shoals are located with sonar and distinguished from other groups such as
Clupeidae or carangids, through the dropping of a stone in the middle of the shoal: If
they don’t flee and are located again in the same then are pelagic gobies and
fishermen proceed to the fishing action. The seine is dropped forming a circle around
the shoal and then the ropes are slowly and balanced pulled recovering the net. There
is a slight drag of the seine which forces the fish to concentrate and eventually enter in
the sack.
All this procedures make this fishing highly selective, considering that, moreover, the
fishermen are not interested in to catch other species because it lowers prices, given
the difficulties of the separation of this small size species. It also contributes to the
selectivity that, sometimes, the concentration of resources in large schools implies
that a single net dropping can obtain captures enough to reach the maximum daily
catch established by local legislation.
The maximum daily quota is regulated through annual regulation and in recent years
has been 30 Kg for transparent goby or 50 Kg if mixed with Ferrer’s goby. These daily
catch quotas have more a commercial purpose than a regulation of the fishing effort,
because of an stabilization of market prices as there has not been any significant
decrease in unloadings, which could suggest that the stocks might be in danger of
overexploitation.
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The small size of the species, as well as the selectivity aim and results of catches justify
the authorisation of the fisheries administration of smaller mesh size than the
established for this kind of gear in Regulation 1967 / 2006.
4.1.2. Location of transparent and Ferrer’s goby fisheries
This fishing can be undertaken on detritic coastal bottoms in the entire archipelago,
but the species are more frequent at the bays of Palma, Alcudia and Pollença where
the fishing activity is concentrated, and also in the SW coast of Mallorca and Cabrera
Archipelago.
While specimens of transparent and Ferrer’s goby have been found in areas of deep
platform, fishing takes place exclusively in sandy bottoms from 10 to 40 meters deep
approximately.
4.1.3. Classification of transparent goby boat seine
The local name for this gear is jonquiller or xarxa jonquillera. Is a boat seine composed
of three main parts (wings, sleeve and sack) made of six pieces of net of about 25 m
length, with a decreasing mesh as it approaches the sack, called "randa". Wings,
attached to the sack, are about 90 meters in length and consist of four parts also with
decreasing mesh towards the sack. The top headline is armed with corks and the
bottom with leads. The height of the art when in action is 7 metres.
The nets used are mesh ranging from 40 mm to 3 mm. The base material is nylon. The
net is dropped forming a fence around the area to be traced and is retrieved from the
anchored boat by pulling the ends from bow and stern.
This fishing is performed on sandy, detritic or flat rock bottoms (Llabrés et al., 1984),
unlike trawl nets, lower part of the gear just slightly brushes the bottom surface, so it
does not have a detrimental effect on it, because the aim is to get a clean catch.
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The number of boats capable of practicing this fishery is of approximately 90 artisanal
Mallorca boats.
4.1.4. Selectivity of jonquiller boat seine
This section contains the results of the study of selectivity of the gear made by Brunet
in 2004, as well as a study on selectivity and yields with rhombic and square mesh of
40 mm made by the Oceanographic IEO-Centre of Balearic Islands in 2002.
These reports studies the selectivity of the boat seine subject of this plan of
management in relation to the target species (proportion by weight of each of them
and distribution of sizes), as well as identify and determine the importance of bycatch and discards, when part of the capture is returned to the sea during the fishing
operation.
Brunet’s study (2004 and 2007) show the composition of the catch obtained in 141
hauls made by professional boats over 46 fishing days. The average proportion of
target species was 89% in weight (with a range from 56.5% to 99.8% by net
dropping). It must be taken into account that the weight per individual of the bycatch species is generally much higher. In number of individuals, target species always
exceed 99% of all the studied net droppings. By-catch belong to 56 species of 29
families, mainly sparids of little commercial value.
The study concludes that the selectivity of the art is very high and is related to the loss
of economic value of the catch if it includes other species. The capture of other
different species implies to spend time selecting them. During this selection time
fishermen cannot perform new hauls. Furthermore, the fishing operation (haul) must
be done on sandy or detritic bottom, the target species habitat, and avoiding rock or
Posidonia bottoms to prevent the damage of the gear, which also contributes to its
selectivity.
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4.1.5. Catch Evolution
There exist accurate data per boat and day since 2002. The reliability given to this
figures is the maximum, according to the data collected in the first sale or unloading
fish markets.
The evolution of unloads of transparent goby catches over the last 40 years is shown
in the following graph, and has been made with data from diverse sources. The
marked fall in the 1994’s season cannot be attributed to overfishing since in 1993 just
a little amount of the stock in the Alcudia Bay was fished.
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Because of lack of information regarding the demography of the species we have
considered as abundance index the average performance (CPUE) of the fleet
dedicated to its capture. We have taken as effort unit the number of boats and fishing
trips.
The addition of other components to the effort brought no significant effect. The size
of the boat or the power of the engine does not add information to this analysis,
probably because the fleet is relatively homogeneous. There are small differences in
length and, although horsepower differences are a bit more important, it should be
noticed that the powerful boats do not have higher daily yields or more trips per
season.
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The average monthly daily catch by boat during the last 10 years is summarized in the
following chart. Regarding the evolution through the year, we can observe that the
average yield increases from the beginning of the season to reach a peak in January
and February.
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Although the catch per unit of effort is related to the total catch (of which there is a
more complete record) the correlation is bad (R2 = 0.33), so it is not a good data to
estimate the CPUE.
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4.1.6. Stock size and fishing mortality
45,00
40,00
CPUE mensual (Kg/barca dia)
35,00
30,00
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
25,00
20,00
15,00
10,00
5,00
0,00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Captura acumulada (T)
The graph shows the results of the Leslie linear depletion model (which is the most
conservative), where the Stock size is always above 47 T.
It is often observed a yield increase in the first two months, so the first and second
point of each season (December and January) have been removed from the graph.
The evolution of the CPUE shows that some years the capture effort has no effect on
accumulated catches (zero or negative slope), and the model is not applicable.
Season
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Total
Capture
(T)
12,5
16,9
26,6
31,6
24,9
9,4
15,8
40,1
24,6
20,2
4,4
Average
Kg/boat
day
31,0
31,5
33,6
37,5
32,2
22,3
28,7
28,9
22,5
24,4
17,0
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Stock (T)
% of stock
captured
95
18%
58
59
47
54%
42%
20%
59
41%
The table shows that a maximum of 54% of the Stock was captured in the 2004-2005
season. However, on the following season, a stock of 59 T is calculated, showing that
the capture by the artisanal fleet has little or no effect on the next season.
Anyway, the figure of 40 T is adopted as maximum annual catch per season.
Following the management standards proposed for the rosetto fishery, a monthly
threshold reference value of CPUE (Kg per boat and day) has been defined,
corresponding to the first quartile (25% percentile) of the data of the graph on page
20.
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
1st quartile CPUE
(Kg/boat day)
15,59
23,20
25,46
21,10
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4.2.1. The fishery of lowbody picarel with the gerretera or artet
Spicara smaris is very abundant and it was appreciated in the Balearic Islands, that’s
what probably led to the development of the gerretera boat seine. Its acceptance has
been decreasing over the past decades.
According to the historical data series, there are records of catches since 1980.
Already in those years was considered as one of the most important species of the
Balearic Islands fishing in terms of the volume of catches. "During the day the shoals
are captured with purse seine gear, while at night, when they stay on the bottom, they
are caught with towed gear". "There is a very specific art of the Balearic Islands,
mainly on the island of Ibiza, destined for the catch of this species which is the artet".
This paragraph comes from the document "The marketing of the Balearic Sea fishery
products" published by the European Institute for Permanent Advice in 1991.
4.2.2. Location of gerretera fishery.
Lowbody picarel fishery with boat seine is developed in the Pitiusas islands of Ibiza
and Formentera, where it came from probably because in these islands the purse seine
is not allowed since decades. It is occasionally practiced at the North of the island of
Majorca, in the bays of Pollença and Alcúdia.
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4.2.3. Classification of lowbody picarel boat seine
The boat seine for lowbody picarel is locally named gerretera or “artet de gerret”. It is
200m long, divided in three parts. It is made of pieces of net of decreasing mesh from
50 mm in the sides till decreasint till they reach 3 mm in the sack. The top headline is
provided with floats and the lower is provided with weights.The fishing method and
operation of the gerretera is similar to the transparent goby boat seine and performed
on usually sandy or detritic bottoms since they do not produce tears or any damage
on the net. The estimated amount of boats which are capable to practice this fishing
method are about 12-15 boats in the Pitiusas.
Thus, according to the definitions in the article 2 of Council Regulation (EC) N. 1967
/ 2006 jonquiller and the gerretera can be classified both as "boat seines".
4.2.4. Gerretera boat seine selectivity
There are no field studies on the selectivity of this fishing gear. Sale notes have been
studied instead. Through these records, the composition by species of the catch
obtained by artisanal boats that captured gerret can be found out. Non-target species
landed by the same boat on the same day are boat seine catches, since it is not
possible to be fish with gerretera and with trammels or longlines at the same time.
The data obtained are shown in the graph and it is the result of 92 unloadings
performed by boats of the Pitiusas Islands from 2002 to 2011. Total catch was 7 Tm
and were made from December to March in 42 days.
As it is shown in the figure, the target species is the main part of the catch (94% of
weight). The first non target species is the mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus),
underexploited in Balearic Islands and, in second place, squid (Loligo vulgaris).
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4.2.5. Evolution of catches
It has been studied the volume of catches by atisanal fishing boats per year and per
first sale fish market for those species that can only be captured with this kind of boat
seine. This study took place in the three first sale fishing markets of: Ibiza, Sant Antoni
and Formentera.
There have been different criteria for the classification according to fishing market. In
the case of the Formentera data are scarce, with years without catches. Data are
shown in the following three figures.
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FAO codes: SPC, Spicara smaris; PIC Spicara spp.; ATB Atherina presbyter y SIL, Atherynidae
Catches are grouped in the months of winter and early spring. Since the publication
of the Decree 17 / 2009, fishing with boat seine is banned from April to September.
The following figure shows that there is a clear trend to the reduction of catches,
which more clearly affects the trawl fleet.
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4.2.6. Effort and yield
Seems proved that the fishing effort throughout this decade has been decreasing for
the artisanal fleet, even though the average yield is mantained. The maximum was
about 15 T at the beginning of the reported period. The average CPUE per season has
a range from 46 to 80 Kg/boat and day without any clear trend.
Season
Capture (Kg)
2001-2002
15.485
2002-2003
14.257
2003-2004
12.822
2004-2005
8.846
2005-2006
12.049
2006-2007
10.966
2007-2008
6.791
2008-2009
5.531
2009-2010
8.961
2010-2011
6.781
2011-2012
4.575
Effort
(boat day)
211
229
200
178
171
139
147
89
123
85
82
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Mean CPUE
(Kg/boat day)
73,4
62,3
64,1
49,7
70,5
78,9
46,2
62,1
72,9
79,8
55,8
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4.2.7 Stock size and reference point for management
The depletion model can not be applied because it is a long-lived species, in which
the recruitment must be considered and especially the mortality due to be fished with
other fishing equipment (trawl) which is quantitatively much more important than
this particular boat seine, the gerretera.
Putting into practice the proposed management model for the rosetto fishery to the
available data (table), monthly reference threshold values of CPUE (Kg per boat and
day) has been defined, corresponding to the first quartile of the data show in the
figure.
Nov
Dic
Ene
Feb
Mar
1st quartile CPUE
(Kg/boat day)
18,7
47,9
64,4
65,2
50,9
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4.3 Regulations on boat seine gears in the Balearic Islands
For decades this fishing activity has been legally covered by regulations of the Balearic
Governement, developed by decrees, orders and resolutions of the competent
Departement in fisheries matters, published in the Official Gazette which are listed
below.
Council Regulation (EC) N. 1967/2006 establishes restrictions on fishing gear which
requires the publication of a management plan, with the aim of preserve certain
fishing activities in present conditions, the only viable for some fishing modalities.
These include the Balearic Islands boat seines which have transparent goby, ferrer’s
goby and lowbody picarel as target species.
The regulation of this modality began in 1985 when, through a Resolution and a
Decree, put the basis of the jonquillo and the gerret fishing respectively.
•
Resolución del Conseller de Agricultura y Pesca, de día 21 de octubre de 1985, por la que
se establece la obligatoriedad de una autorización expresa para la pesca de Aphia minuta
Establishes a fishing period from Deceber to March for transparent goby. Fishermen
organizations must report a list of boats that will undertake the activity.
•
Resolución de día 13 de diciembre de 1993, por la cual se regula la pesca del jonquillo
“Aphia minuta mediterránea” (De Buen, 1931), cabotí “Pseudaphya ferreri” (De Buen et Fage,
1908) “Crystallogobius linearis” (Von Düben, 1845) y especies asociadas para la temporada
1993/94.
Establishes a 50 Kg quota by boat and other measures of control and reduction of
the effort. It includes additional measures for the Bay of Alcudia.
•
Orden del Consejero de Agricultura, Comercio e Industria, de 15 de diciembre de 1998,
por la que se declara una zona de veda para la pesca del jonquillo (Aphia minuta L.) y especies
afines en la Bahía de Alcudia (Mallorca).
Ban the transpareny goby fishing during two years in the the Bay of Alcudia.
•
Decreto 17/2009, de 6 de marzo, por el que se establece un plan de gestión para la pesca
con artes de tiro tradicionales en aguas de las Illes Balears
Defines the types of gear, the characteristics of boats that can practice this type of
fishing and the maximum extent of the fishing season. Dates, fees and authorized
boats will be established each season through resolution of the Fishing DirectorateGeneral.
•
Resolución de la Directora General de Pesca de 14 de octubre de 2009, por la que se
regula la pesca con artes de tirada tradicionales en aguas de las Illes Balears durante la temporada
2009-2010.
Establishes period and quota and includes the official list of authorized boats.
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•
Resolución de la Directora General de Pesca de 5 de octubre de 2010 por la que se regula
la pesca con artes de tirada tradicionales en aguas de las Illes Balears durante la temporada 20102011.
As the previous one, sets the period, quotas and census of authorized boats.
•
Decreto 49/1985, de 23 de mayo, que regula la pesca del caramel en aguas interiores del
Archipiélago Balear
Authorizes fishing of lowbody picarel with traditional gears. Set the minimum size for
the species by 11 cm
Marine reserves and protected areas
•
Real Decreto 941/2001, de 3 de agosto, por el que se establece el régimen de protección
de los recursos pesqueros del Parque Nacional Marítimo-Terrestre del Archipiélago de Cabrera.
Includes transparent goby boat seine as one of the authorized gears in the Cabrera
Archipelago National Park.
•
Orden de la Consejera de Agricultura y Pesca de 1 de septiembre de 2006, por la que se
regulan las actividades a desarrollar en la reserva marina de la Bahía de Palma, comprendida
entre el Club Náutico de s'Arenal y el cabo Regana.
Expressly authorises fishing with jonquiller boat seine in the Palma Bay Reserve.
•
Decreto 21/2007, de 23 de marzo, por el que se establece la Reserva Marina del Llevant
de Mallorca.
Expressly authorises fishing with jonquiller boat seine in the East Mallorca Reserve
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5
Request for an exception in the Council Regulation (EC) No
1967/2006 for Balearic boat seines jonquillera and gerretera.
Traditional boat seines in the Balearic Islands belong to those defined in article 2 of
Council Regulation (EC) N. 1967 / 2006 as "boat seines" (definition 1.a.ii), for
whom the countries may allow exceptions regarding the minimum mesh size (article
9.7) and the minimum distance from the coast (article 13. 5).
5.1 Request for an exception to the minimum mesh size
The exception regarding what is stipulated in the article 9.3 for boat seines justified by
the high selectivity of these boat seines fisheries and with the no significant effects on
the marine environment which does not involve dragging on Posidonia beds.
By the fact of being considered as “tugged nets”, they are subject to the rules of article
9 on “minimum mesh size”, specifically to the 9.3 and they should respect the same
minimum mesh size as bottom trawling , even though these fishing equipment are
authorized since it came into force the Decree 49/1985, the Resolution of Agriculturre
and Fishery Minister of the Balearic Islands from October 21st of 1985, and the
Resolution of 25 November 1987, for a minimum mesh size at the end of the sack
which allows to retain catches of species which do not exceed in its adult stage a
cylindrical section of few centimeters. The justification for this small mesh size is quite
simple: the target species are small sized and catches are always mono-specific.
The Article 14 of Council Regulation (EC) N. 1967/2006 envisages that boat seines
can be used till the 31st of May 2010 since it has been being used according to
national law which came into force before the 1st of January of 1994 (Decree
49/1985, of the 23rd of May, which regulates the fishing of the lowbody picarel in the
interior waters of the Balearic Archipelago, Resolution of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Fisheries of the Balearic Islands Government of the 21st of October of 1985,
which states the obligation of obtaining an express authorisation for fishing the
transparent goby and the Resolution of 25th of November 1987 regulating fishing of
transparent goby (Aphia minuta Risso) and related species for the 1987/88 season).
As it is required by the Regulation, the traditional Balearic boat seines fulfill the
following requirements:
5.1.1 Fisheries being highly selective
Depending on the season and the area, the jonquiller boat seine and the gerretera boat
seine are used exclusively for two types of catches. In the island of Mallorca, from
December 15th to April 30th, it is traditionally allowed to fish the transparent and
Ferrer’s goby. Meanwhile in the Pitiusas Islands, from November 1st to April 30th, the
fishery is pointing to the of lowbody picarel shoals.
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The fishing operation is quite simple: once located, the shoal is surrounded with the
sides of the net, dragging it slightly to concentrate fish in the sack which is finally
hoisted on board helped by a winch.
Almost a 100% of the total catch is composed by the target species, consequently
discards are non-existent. In addition, the selectivity is a necessary condition to make
this type fishing profitable, since as it has been explained in section 4.4, the capture of
species not objective entails a loss of effectiveness.
5.1.2
Fisheries having a negligible effect on the marine environment
Once surrounded the fish, the net is momentarily trawled on the bottom. By
imperatives of the fishing equipment conservation and to ensure a profitable practice,
fishermen always try to avoid that the net trawls over the bottom or even brush on the
hard rock or Posidonia, which would make the net useless. In any case, the proposal of
Decree requires that this fishing operation is carried out exclusively on sandy bottoms
and that it does not trawl over the bottom. Frequent inspections ensure that the
fishing operation is already being performed in this way.
Example of the use of jonquillera seine. Notice that the gear is operated on sandy bottom
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Although it is always desirable to establish restrictions on catches as a conservation
measure, in the case of the transparent goby, because of the initiative of the own
fishermen associations quotas per boat per day have always existed. These measures
are kept in the MPBBS for all species subject to this regulation in application of the
principle of caution and to guarantee prices.
5.1.3
Fisheries may not be affecte by what is ruled in the Article 4 section 5 of
Regulation
Traditional balearic boat seines operate on sandy bottoms. Because of this, they are
not affected for what is planned on the article 4.5 regarding small trawling boats wich
operate on seagrass beds.
5.2 Request forn an exception regarding the minimum distance from the coast
Target species are usually catched of litle depths. The classification of the jonquiller
and gerretera as "boat seines” subclass of "tugged nets" and these as "tugged fishing
gears", makes them to be affected by paragraph 1 of article 13, regarding minimum
distances and depths for the use of fishing equipments which banns "tugged fishing
gears" modalities within 3 nautical miles to the coast or within the 50 m isobath if
that depth is reached at a shorter distance. To fulfill this rule totally clashes with the
fishery of the jonquiller and gerretera boat seine fisheries and would make them
completely unviable.
In accordance to this situation, the exception is requested with regarding the
minimum depth and minimum distance from the coast, since traditional Balearic
boat seines fulfill what is decreed in the points 5 and 9 of the article 13 of the
Regulation, as it will be explained below.
Point 5 of the same article 13 considers this possibility for certain cases. Regarding
the traditional boat seines of the Balearic Islands, and according to the possibilities
listed in that point, the exception is justified for the following reasons:
5.2.1 Fishery has no significant impact on the marine Environment
This issue has been justified above
5.2.2 Fishery affects a limited number of boats
The management plan plans a limitation on the number of licences according to a
census with a maximum of 60 boats. The detailed census is shown in the
corresponding section.
5.2.3 Fishery cannot be undertaken with another fishing gear
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There is no other regulated fishing gear in the Spanish Mediterranean which, by its
structure, technical characteristics and mesh, can capture so small species, in
particular transparent and Ferrer’s goby.
The fishing grounds are small. Mainly because of the limited size of the continental
platform and the spatial distribution of the transparent goby, that is confined to
certain coastal areas to depths less than 50 m.
On top, the fishery cannot be performed with other fishing gears, does not have a
significant effect on protected habitats, and it is very selective, since the boat seine
operates in the water column without getting in touch with the seabed, as the
gathering of seabed material would damage the target species and would make it
virtually impossible the catch gathering because of its very small size.
In the case of gerret or lowbody picarel, his capture is also possible with trawling nets,
but the use of square mesh required by Regulation 1967/2006 has caused a
significant reduction in the catch of that species, so the boat seine has become the
only viable way for specific capture of lowbody picarel.
Specifically, in 2002 (Massutí, Pomar, Guijarro and Guardiola) proved in a pilot
study of selectivity of trawl rhombic and square 40mm mesh in Mallorca waters, that
significant differences were recorded in yields, which were much lower for the square
mesh for lowbody picarel. A later study (Ordines, Massutí, Gujarro and Mas 2006),
confirmed the significant reduction in catches of lowbody picarel with the square
mesh.
5.2.4 Fishery will be subjected to a management plan
The Chapter 6 of the present document contains the Management Plan for Balearic Boat
Seines.
The possibility of an exception, according to the planned Management Plan, also
fulfills the prescriptive conditions of paragraph 9 of the same article 13.
5.2.5 To be an authorised activity before the regulation came into force
The activity is regulated since 1985 by Resolution of the Local Minister of Agriculture
and Fisheries, of October 21st of 1985 which establishes the obligation of an express
authorization for transparent goby fishing, and the Decree 49/1985, of May 23rd,
which regulates the fishing of lowbody picarel in interior waters of Balearic
Archipelago.
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5.2.6
Authorized boats must have a track record in the fishery of more than 5
years
The previously mentioned Resolution already established an obligation for the
fishermen associations of sending a list of boats which practiced this kind of fishing.
Since then, every year, all the boats have been registered in the census.
On the other hand, the information regarding the fist sale notes, collected since 2001
according to the Council Regulation (CEE) No 2847/93, allows putting into practice
objective criteria regarding this condition.
The boats which perform the jonquiller and gerretera modalities are boats registered
under the typology of artisanal boats in the Official Census of Spanish Fleet. The
Council Regulation (EEC) No 2847/93 of 12 October 1993 providing a control
system applicable to the common fisheries policy, makes it compulsory for the first
time the issueing of the first sale note for the fishery products. Despite the fact that
this Regulation plans that the Commission may exempt boats of less than 10 m of the
submission of first sale notes, in the Balearic Islands has always been considered that
these small boats must fulfill the same requirements as the rest of the fishing fleet.
The modernization of the whole fish markets of the Balearic Islands, and the
management developed by the fisheries administration, have allowed that since 2002
more complete notes of sale records are available that include this type of boats. In
any case, if necessary, records in paper of previous years are also available.
5.2.7 Fishing effort shall not be increased
The MPBBS provides a maximum tonnage, power and number of this type of fishing
boats. Also states periods and maximum daily catch for all the target species.
5.2.8 Other conditions set in article 9
In addition, Balearic boat seines fulfill, as it is set in the article 13, the article 4 of the
Regulation (protected habitats), article 8.1. h (mesh size under 40 mm for bottom
trawlers), also fulfills the article 9.3.2 (regarding the replacement of the 40 mm
square-meshed net), because the exception has been also requested in the previous
section, and also in the article 23.
The characteristics of this kind of fishing, allowed periods, regulation and control of
fisheries inspection carried out on the activity of the modalities of balearic boat
seines, which will be increased with the implementation of this MPBBS, guarantee
that the catches of annex III are minimal and do not target cephalopods.
Finally, due to the nature and size of the target species, the boat seine fishery does not
compete with any other fishing gear that can capture them since there are no other
fishing gears that can capture them.
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5.3 Similar fisheries authorized by the European Union
5.3.1 Fishery of sardine fries caught with boat seine.
The article 15 of the Regulation of Mediterranean fisheries provides that marine
organisms that do not reach the minimum size specified in annex III (from now on
referred as "undersized marine organisms") shall not be caught, retained on board,
transhipped, landed, transported, stored, sold, displayed or offered for sale.
However point 3 of the same article sets an exception to sardine fry landed for human
consumption if its capture has been performed with boat or shore seines and the
capture has been authorized according to the national regulations set in a
management plan, laid down in article 19, conditioned to fact that the population of
sardines were between safe biological ranges.
The traditional Balearic boat seines are use the same kind of fishing gear than those
authorized by the Regulation for the fishing of sardine fry. However, the jonquiller
captures mainly adults, and the rules and regulations regarding the gerretera seine
imposes a minimum size of 11 cm to the lowbody picarel. It should be noticed that
transparent goby has two generations per year, but only one of them is exploited.
5.3.2 Meditarranean sandeel fishery with sonsera seine in Catalonia.
Traditionally practiced in the Catalan coast and its targeted on Mediterranean sand
eel (Gymnamodytes cicerelus and G. semisquamatus, and in lesser extent on the
transparent goby and the crystal goby) with a seine gear in the shallow waters over
sandy bottoms where these species often form large shoals. It is performed from May
until December 15th by artisanal boats of less than 73.5 KW of power.
There is a draft of the Management Plan of this fishery which first aim is to ensure
annual catches of 400 T for the whole fleet of the Catalan coast and the reduction of
the by-catch from the 6% to 3%.
5.3.3 Rosetto fishery in some areas of italian waters (GSA9 Zone)
Traditionally practiced in the coastal regions of Liguria and Tuscany (Western
Mediterranean) and its target is the transparent goby (Aphia minuta) with a seine type
gear in the shallow waters over sandy bottoms where the species form large shoals. It
is performed from November until March by artisanal boats.
The rosetto management plan has the aim to ensure sustainable fishing of
transparent goby for the whole fleet. The European Union has adopted a derogation
provided in the Council Regulation (EC) N. 1967 / 2006, by the Commission
Implementing Regulation 988/2011 of 4 October 2011.
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6
Management Plan
6.1 Condition assessment of the populations
According to the article 6 of the Regulation 2371/2002, the management plans will
include all the conservation reference points which will be used to estimate the
maintenance of the population in those ranges. The letters a) and d) of the point 2,
article 5 will be enforced.
In general it can be said that there is no concrete information regarding the stocks
neither of transparent goby nor of lowbody picarel from the western Mediterranean
Sea, or in case it exists, this is incomplete. In fact, it can not be discarded that the
stocks of such species in the Balearic Islands (GSA5 zone) shall be considered as
independent from the stocks of the continental coast as for some authors (Oliver, P.
1993) “the existence of geographic barriers which separate the continental shelf from
the Balearic Islands justifies a separated treatment of these demersal stocks to
manage them.”
In the case of the transparent goby we could still find some information or studies
about its biology such as the one from La Mesa, Ameri, Caputo and Iglesias (2005)
which – about the western Mediterranean Sea- says that “the transparent gobby it’s
an annual specie that lives less than a year, with a maximal length of 60 mm. The
breeding phase is quite long and the spawning happens at least twice during its life
circle. It spends the most of its life in the water column as a planktotrophic being
which feeds itself from little copepods”. “Characterized for having a pelagic phase
while larval, an aggregates phase while youth and a demersal phase, made by adults
which migrate to the shore in spring having a wider and more disperse distribution
when they get closer to the bottom.”
We can also find other studies which are geotropically closer such as the one of
Iglesias and Morales-Nin (2001) where they point out that “Aphia minuta has two
annual cohorts in the West Mediterranean Sea, corresponding with the autumnal
spawning. Meanwhile the summer cohort, corresponding to the spring spawning,
grows and reproduces in much deeper areas, nor being an objective for the fisheries.
This information has been directly validated through the information received from
other areas.”
So then, transparent goby and other pelagic gobies have two generations in one year,
one which would be susceptible of being fished and a not available or not fishable
one. This particular biology makes it extremely difficult to monitor and to estimate
these populations.
An indirect method of estimation of relative representation, are the sales data are
calculated from the first sale notes regulated by Regulation (CEE) Nº 2847/1993 of
the Council, from the 12th of October of 1993 which establishes a control system to
be applied to the common fisheries policy. These allow us to estimate that, in the
Balearic Mediterranean, we are facing a population which is not so affected by the
fishing effort and therefore does not require a recovery plan, the primary purpose of
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management plans regulated by Regulation 2371/2002, as transparent goby or
lowbody picarel are not considered out of biologic safety thresholds.
There exist, as it has been proved, many variables which make it more difficult to get
the parameter of the fishery of transparent goby. This, as short life specie, has a
similar behaviour to the little pelagic fishes and its annual abundance or scarcity
depends a lot of times on mortality not linked to fishing activity. The water
temperature, clime and weather conditions which determine the food contribution
are variables that affect the presence of shoals close to our coasts. Thus, after several
years of low abundance of this specie, we can observe a sudden increase in the
populations which induced the sector to limit the fish catches in order to avoid that
the market prices get so low. Such density oscillations of transparent goby population
density have been noticed by fishermen, the fishing sector and the fishery
Administration for many years so we can not consider that the fishery of this specie is
under any kind of risk because the decreasing in the population has no relation to the
fishing effort.
Unfortunately, in the case of the lowbody picarel, the available bibliography regarding
its population and its life circle in the Western Mediterranean is not up to date. The
most complete work is the one made by Lozano-Cabo (1953) which was used as a
reference to develop the regulation about the maximum size (Decree 49/1985).
In any case, for both fisheries, all the data will be registered in the daily forms by the
authorised skipers, collecting the information about the fishing area and other
aspects such as the non target species, timetables and crew.
6.2 Estimation of the impact of the traditional boat seines of the Balearic Islands
over the marine ecosystems.
The Balearic coast main characteristic is to have a huge amount of marine
phanerogams (Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera noltii).
In addition to the EU and Spanish regulations, the sea grass fields of the Balearic
Islands are as well protected by actual the fisheries regulations.
In 1993, the Agriculture and Fishery department published the Order from 21 st of
September which regulates fishing, aquaculture and shell fishing over the sea grass
fields of the Balearic Islands, banning fishing, shell fishing or aquaculture practices
which might cause any disturbance or destruction on the marine phanerogam.
The law 5/2005, from the 26th of May, for the conservation of environmental relevant
spaces, include some articles regarding the management and protection which can be
applied for species and habitats included in the Natura2000, where the Posidonia
oceanica fields are named as priority interest habitat. This law settled a disciplinary
regulation regarding any aggression over this habitat which can be qualified from low
to very severe fault.
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However, as the fishery of the transparent goby with the boat seine (jonquiller) is
always made on sand fields and low depth, reaching sometimes the beach shore,
there is no possibility to interact with any marine seagrass beds. Actually, if the net
would touch in any possible moment the plant or the bottom, it would harm the
target specie and the seine.
In the case of the lowbody picarel, even if it is fished in detritic bottoms close to those
which are inhabited by the marine phanerogam field, the seines are dropt in the water
column, without getting in touch at any moment with the marine bottoms, so the
recollection of the net with the material from the bottom would harm the target
specie as well as the seine.
Despite of this, since 2006, it is available for everybody the cartography of the
Posidonia oceanica and other phanerogam species. This cartography, as well as the
management plans for some Sites of European Community Interest (SCI) with the
priority habitat fields of Posidonia oceanica, is available in digital format in the official
websites www.xarxanatura.es and www.lifeposidonia.caib.es .
The location and cartography of the phanerogam fields guaranties that this way of
fishing in the authorised areas does not have a negative impact on this habitat.
6.3 Technical measures for the sustainable management
This management plan’s main aim is to establish the necessary technical measures to
guarantee a sustainable fishery.
The main goal lays on keeping the actual fishing levels, which according to the history
of fish catches remains between sustainable ranges, avoiding an increase of the effort
because of a hypothetical increment of authorised boats.
Another aim pursued with this regulation is to avoid the discard due to a better
estimation of certain fish sizes and avoid the use of the seines to catch species which
can just be caught using different fishing modalities to the ones which are authorised
through this management plan.
6.3.1 Data collection regarding performance
The fisherman brotherhoods will collect daily this data, which will be regularly sent to
the Balearic Marine Resources Service. This Service will supervise the quality of the
data and will issue a yearly report about the status of the fishery which will include the
estimation of the season’s CPUE and, if it’s necessary, a suggestion to update the
reference value based in the best scientist information possible.
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6.3.2 Closures
A minimum closure period will be established for fishing the jonquillo or transparent
goby (Aphia minuta), and Ferrer’s goby (Pseudaphya ferreri) with the seines (jonquiller)
between May the 1st and 14th of December.
A minimum closure period will be established for fishing the gerret or lowbody picarel
(Spicara smaris) with the seines (artet de gerret o gerretera) from April the 30th to the 31st
of October.
The closure periods will be extended or the week fishing days will be reduced to four if
average catch per day in three consecutive seasons is under the reference point value.
6.3.3. Quotas
a) The maximal quotas per boat and species and day will be the following ones:
- Jonquillo or transparent goby: 30 kg
- Cabotí or Ferrer’s goby: 40 kg
- Gerret or lowbody picarel: 200 kg
In all cases, the quota to be applied to the catch, when the catch is mixed, will
be the quota of the majority species.
b) Despite of the daily quota for the Gerret or lowbody picarel, the maximal
weekly quota will be set on 600 kg per boat.
c) The maximal quota per season will be 40.000 kg for the whole group of
gobidae. If this quota is exceeded the season will be closed till next season.
d) The maximal quota per season will be 10.000 kg for the Gerret or lowbody
picarel. If this quota is exceeded the season will be closed till next season.
e) The minimal CPUE values for the Jonquillo or transparent goby (Considering
CPUE values as monthly average of catches per boat and day) are established
as follows: December 15,59 kg, January 23,20 kg, February 25,46 kg and
March 21,10 kg. In case that the observed value would not reach the
minimum CPUE established value, one fishing day per week will be reduced in
the week fishing plan. If once this measure is adopted and in the next month
the minimum CPUE values are not recovered, the fishery will be closed for the
whole month.
Values for April are not set because there is no further possible measure to be
adopted, because the season would be already over.
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The minimal CPUE values for the Gerret or lowbody picarel (Considering CPUE values
as monthly average of catches per boat and day) are established as follows:
November 18,7 kg, December 47,9 kg, January 64,4 kg, February 65,2 kg and March
50,9 kg. In case that the observed value would not reach the minimum CPUE
established value, one fishing day per week will be reduced in the week fishing plan. If
once this measure is adopted and in the next month the minimum CPUE values are
not recovered, the fishery will be closed for the whole month
6.3.3 List of authorised boats
- All the boats which want to participate in the fishing with traditional seines will have
to enrol themselves in the annual census managed by the General Directorate of Rural
and Marine Enviroment which is closed every year on the 15th of September.
- To be enrolled, the boats must prove that they usually fish with the seines; they must
be registered in the Census of the Operative Fishing Fleet as craft fishing boats; to be
based in the Balearic Islands and fulfil the following technical characteristics:
- Overall length: less than or equal to 12 m.
- Tonnage: less than or equal to 12 GRT.
- Power: less than or equal to 198.5 KW.
- The fishermen’s brotherhood will be in charge of yearly sending to the General
Directorate of Rural and Marine Enviroment a list of the associated boats with
intention of fishing with the traditional seines.
- Yearly, the proficient General Directorate will update with a Resolution the list of the
authorized boats for craft fishing with seines.
- The maximum amount of censed authorized boats will be limited, while this
management plan is active, to the result of the enforcement of the conditions
provided in the MPBBS. The total amount of registered boats can not be in any case
higher than 80. In the same way, the total tonnage can not go over 600 TRB and the
addition of their power over the 7,353 KW. Nevertheless, and according to the
evolution of the Balearic navy it is difficult that the can get over the 60 units.
- With the aim of homogeneize the sizes of the boats included in the census, those
new coming boats and the new constructed ones as a result of the modernization of
any of those included in the census, will not have an overall length over the 12 meters
nor over a power of 198,53 kW.
6.3.4 Structure and sizes of the seines
The jonquillera is a kind of seine made of six pieces of net with a length of around 25m,
with a decreasing mesh which is correlatively lower as you get closer to the bottom,
called “randa”. The sides, which begin from the sack, have a length of around 90
meters and are made of 4 pieces that have also a decreasing mesh the closer you get
to the sack. The top headline is provided with floats and the lower is provided with
weights. The high of the seine when it is in action is of around 7 meters.
It is made of three main parts (top headline, beam, and sack) and it is because of the
way that it is used that it can be named as a seine. The types of net used have a mesh
size from 40mm in the sides, decreasing as it gets to the sack. The lower and upper
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ends consist of a headline made of weights and anotherone made of floats, which
together create the entry of the beam.
The artet or gerretera boat seine is a towed gear with a total length of about 200m,
made of of three parts, like the jonquillera. The main difference between them is that
the artet’s mesh starts from 50 mm in the sides and decreases till the end of the sack.
The method of fishing and working the fishing gear is quite similar to the jonquillera.
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6.4 Regulatory Decree of the Management Plan
Once this Plan has been approved, the Department of Agriculture, Environment and
Territory of the Authonomic Government of the Balearic Islands will proceed to
publish the decree that incorporates the legal prescriptions provided in this
management plan.
According to this versión of the Management Plan, the Decree would be as follows:
Decreee XXX/2012 which stablishes a Managemente Plan for the traditional boat
seines in the Balearic Islands waters.
Fishing with traditional boat seines is regulated by Decree 17/2009 from 6th of
March, seting a Management Plan for the traditional boat seines in waters of the
Balearic Islands. The General Director for fisheries, through yearly Resolutions, sets
the quotes, seasons; authoritzed ports for unloading the catches and publishes the
list of authorised boats.
The Council Regulation (CE) No 1967/2006 from 21st December 2006 regarding
management measures for the sustainable exploitation of fishery resources in the
Mediterranean Sea, amending Regulation (EEC) No 2847/93 and repealing
Regulation (EC) No 1626/94, establishes the adoption, compulsory for the States, of
management plans for fisheries using trawls, boat seines, seines, purse seine and
dredges within their territorial waters.
Such management plans are the indispensable tool for those fisheries which, because
of their special characteristics or environment where are developed, require a specific
regulation and the application of certain exceptions considered in the Council
Regulation (CE) N. 1967/2006. The approval by the European Commission of these
exceptions is conditioned to the fact that in the management plans are considered
aspects related to the reduction of the effort, or, at least, the commitment of do not
increase it, and the conservation of marine ecosystems, among others.
In the Balearic Islands is a tradtition to use of the jonquillera and gerretera boat seines,
for the capture of the transparent and Ferrer's gobies (Aphia minuta and Pseudaphia
ferreri) and lowbody picarel (Spicara smaris), respectively. For the socio-economic
importance of this matter and its possible effect on other fisheries, it seems
appropriate to establish specific regulation for fishing with such fishing gears, which
should take into account, on one hand, the results of the scientific monitoring, and
on the other hand, the socio-economic aspects, as well as the opinion of different
affected fishermen's associations
This Decree incorporates the measures envisaged in the Management Plan for the
traditional balearic boat seines approved by the European Commission on date
xx/XX/XXXX (MPBBS). This plan provides, among other measures, measures to
prevent fishing for transparent goby or "jonquillo" (Aphia minuta) during the summer
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and fall, thereby ensuring that one of the two annual reproductive periods of the
species is safe from exploitation. Also introduces measures for the management of the
fisheries of the lowbody picarel (Spicara smaris). In addition, it incorporates
mechanisms to implement measures for the protection of the resource by the
restriction of effort if so advises it the monitoring indicators.
The measures aimed at the limitation of the effort are also specified in requirements
of prove that they usually fish with the seines, boat length, and maximum power
required to boats wishing to perform this fishing. Thus, as set out in the current
Decree 17/2009 from 6th of March, which establishes a Management Plan for
traditional boat seines in the Balearic Islands waters, to enroll in the Census of fishing
fleet as artisanal boats must fulfill the technical characteristics specified in this decree.
The total length should be less than or equal to 12 m, the Gross Register Tonnage
must be less or equal to 12 GRT, and the power less or equal to 198.53 KW.
The primary objective of this Management Plan is the maintenance of the current level
of exploitation which, according to the historical record of catches is kept within the
margins of a sustainable exploitation, avoiding the increase of effort caused by a
hypothetical increase in the tonnage and the power of authorized boats. It is also the
aim to avoid the use of the fishing gear for the capture of species reserved for other
fishing gears different to those authorized in this Management Plan.
Consequently, after the proposal from the Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and
Territory, of Autonomic Government of the Balearic Island, consulted the Advisory
Council and considered by Government Council in XXXXX session,
Decree:
Article 1. About the application
This decree will be applicable to all the licensed boats for the mode of fishing with
traditional boat seines (jonquillera and gerretera or artet) that develop their activity in
the waters of the Balearic Islands.
Article 2. Fishing permissions and census of authorised boats
2.1. Are allowed to practice the artisanal fishing with traditional boat seines those
boats registered in the official census of the operational modalities of artisanal and
bottom longline fishing fleet that demonstrate to perform this modality regularly,
before the year 2007, by means of the appropriate official records of sales notes they.
2.2. In addition, the boats will have to fulfil the following technical features:
- Total length: less than or equal to 12 m.
- Gross Register Tonnage: less than or equal to 12 TRB.
- Power: less than or equal to 198.5 KW.
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2.3. The number of registered boats will not exceed 80. Also, the sum of their Gross
Register Tonnage shall not exceed 600 GRT and the sum of its power 7,353 KW
2.4. With the aim of homogenize the dimensions of the census boats, those new
boats and those of new construction for modernization of some of those belonging to
the census, may not exceed 12 metres in length overall (Et) or 198.5 KW of power.
Article 3. Transfer of fishing rights
3.1 If the owner of a boat with special fishing permit for fishing with traditional boat
seines retires it of the official census of the operational fleet, the single permit can be
transfered, at the request of the shipowner, to a boat with the same shipowner, and
which does not exceed the maximum dimensions for modality.
3.2 Where the shipowner with a special fishing permit for fishing with traditional boat
seines requested the transfer of such permission to another boat, this just may be
granted if it fulfills the same conditions as in the previous point in terms of ownership
and technical characteristics of the boat.
Article 4. Catches
4.1 The only species authorised for fishing with jonquillera are transparent goby (Aphia
minuta) and the usually companion species Ferrer’s goby, mediterranean sandeel and
crystall goby (Pseudaphya ferreri, Gymnamodytes cicerellus and Crystalogobius linearis).
4.2 The only species authorised for fishing with artet or gerretera is the lowbody picarel
(Spicara smaris).
4.3 Fishing with traditional boat seines shall not be combined with any other fishery
during the same day. If an authorized boat wants to engage in other fishing activities,
the fishing gear must be landed.
4.4 The boat seine target species are those mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this
article and companions. Any non-target or companion species captured alive
individual must be immediately returned to the sea.
4.5 The General Directorate of Rural and Marine Environment shall set the quotas for
target species through yearly resolution based on the yearly report of the Marine
Resources Service following the provisions of the MPBBS. Maximum quotas by
species and boat are as follows:
4.5.1 Transparent goby: 30 Kg per boat and day from December 15th to April 30th.
4.5.2 Ferrer’s goby: 40 Kg per boat and day from December 15th to April 30th.
4.5.3 Lowbody picarel: 200 kg per boat and day with a maximum of 600 kg per week
from November 1st to April 30th.
In all cases, the quota to be applied when the catch is mixed shall be the one of the
majority species.
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Article 5. Annual fishing license
5.1 The boats which want to perform the traditional boat seines must sign up in the
annual census that manages the General Directorate of Rural and Marine Enviroment
which shall be closed on September 15th of each year.
5.2. The fishermen brotherhood will be in charge of yearly sending to the General
Directorate of Rural and Marine Enviroment a list of the associated boats with
intention of fishing with the traditional seines.
5.3. Yearly, the General Directorate of Rural and Marine Enviroment will update with
a Resolution the list of the authorized boats for craft fishing with seines.
5.4. The maximum amount of censed authorized boats will be limited, while this
management plan is active, to the result of the enforcement of the conditions
provided in the MPBBS.
Article 6. Closures and unloading authorised ports
6.1 A minimum closure period is set for fishing the jonquillo or transparent goby (Aphia
minuta), and Ferrer’s goby (Pseudaphya ferreri) with the seines (jonquiller o xarxa
jonquillera) between the 1st of May and the 14th of December.
6.2 A minimum closure period is set for fishing the gerret or lowbody picarel (Spicara
smaris) with the seines (artet de gerret o gerretera) from the 30th April to the 31st of
October.
6.3 The boats authorised for artisanal fishery with traditional boat seines must
depart, arrive and unload the catches in the ports associated to the fishermen
brotherhood which have special authorisation regarding this kind of fishery.
6.4 The General Directorate of Rural and Marine Enviroment will set through an
annual Resolution the concrete closure dates, being possible to extend this period if
the monitoring data suggest it following the provisions of the MPBBS. This Resolution
will set the maximal quota and the fishing ports authorised to unload and will include
an appendix with the year census of boats authorised to fish with traditional boat
seines.
Article 7. Departure form
The skippers of the authorised boats will fulfill a fishing form which will be provided
by the General Directorate of Rural and Marine Enviroment. The form will be handed
to the Fishermen’s Brotherhood everyday that they depart with the fishing equipment
of the boat seine, if they catch something or even if they do not catch anything. The
Fishermen’s Broterhood will send these forms to the Marine Resources Service.
The non fulfilment of this duty by the skipper will mean the loss of the permission.
Article 8. Timetables
8.1 This fishery can just be practised from Monday to Friday. Further limitations can
be adopted by Resolution following the provisions of the MPBBS.
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8.2 From the 15th of December to the 30th of April in the jonquillera boat seine case
and from the 1st of November to the 30th of April in the gerretera boat seine case, the
departure time form the port of the allowed artisanal boats for jonquillera and
gerretera boat seines with these fishing equipment will not be arlier than 6:00 AM.
8.3 The jonquillera and the artet boat seines can not be drawn before the daybreak.
8.4 The arrival to the port of the authorised boats must be done before 14:00 h.
Article 9. Areas and bottoms authorised for the use of jonquillera and gerretera boat
seines.
9.1 Jonquillera and gerretera boat seines can just be drawn over detritic bottoms. It is
prohibited to use them over Posidonia oceanica beds.
9.2 Jonquillera and gerretera boat seines can not be drawn over depths higher than
30 meters.
9.3 The use will not be allowed in any case over beaches frequented by bathers or
swimmers when there presence is proved or where it could be a danger for them.
9.4 It must be avoided during the whole fishing operation that the net would strongly
drag over the bottom.
Article 10. Structure and sizes of the boat seines
The structure and sizes of the jonquillera and gerretera boat seines are described in the
appendix of this Decree.
Article 11. Monitoring
The General Directorate of Rural and Marine Enviroment will guarantee an apropiate
scientific supervision of the management plans because of being species of a short
vital cycle. For this reason the measures included in this plan will be reviewed
annually in order to consider the possible evolution that might take place in the
intensity of the recruitment.
Article 12. Sanctioning regime
Violations committed against what sets this Decree shall be punished in accordance
with the Law 3/2001, from 26th of March, of Maritime fishery of the State.
Sole transitory provision
Despite the klimitations of length and power provided in article 3.3. may join initially
the census all those boats which exceed the limits laid down for such technical
characteristics which have the license for boat seines on the 31st of may 2010 and
fulfil all the other conditions laid down in the MPBBS.
Repealing provision
The Decrees 17/2009 from 6th of March, which establishes a management plan for
the traditional boat seines fising in waters of the Balearic Islands, and 49/1985 from
23rd of May, which regulates the fishing of lowbody picarel in the waters of the
Balearic Archipelago are repealed, as well as any regulations of lower rank which are
against this one.
Final disposal
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This Decree will come into force the day after its publication in the Official Bulletin
the Balearic Islands.
Appendix
The jonquillera is a kind of seine made of six pieces of net with a length of around 25m,
with a decreasing mesh which is correlatively lower as you get closer to the bottom,
called “randa”. The sides, which begin from the sack, have a length of around 90
meters and are made of 4 pieces that have also a decreasing mesh the closer you get
to the sack. The top headline is provided with floats and the lower is provided with
weights. The high of the seine when it is in action is of around 7 meters.
It is made of three main parts (top headline, beam, and sack or crown) and it is
because of the way that it is used that it can be named as a seine. The types of net
used have a mesh size from 40mm in the sides, decreasing as it gets to the sack. The
lower and upper ends consist of a headline made of weights and anotherone made of
floats, which together create the entry of the beam.
The artet or gerretera boat seine is a towed gear with a length of about 200m, made of
of three parts, like the jonquillera. The main difference between them is that the artet’s
mesh starts from 50 mm in the sides and decreases till the end of the sack. The
method of fishing and working the fishing gear is quite similar to the jonquillera
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6.5 Implementation of the Management Plan
As it was previously mentioned, even though there are few scientific monitoring data
of the target population for the jonquillera modality, the analysis of the evolution of
the unloadings of transparent goby and lowbody picarel in the ports of the Balearic
Islands allow us to extrapolate in valid way that the jonquillera fishery is in the
security ranges.
This management plan will be valid for 3 years. During this period the General
Directorate of Rural and Marine Enviroment will test yearly (article 19.3 of the
Regulation 1967/2006) the status of the populations in order to guarantee the
sustainability of the fishery as it is exposed in the point 6.3.1. Besides of this, it will be
specially analyzed the evolution of the CPUE in the high season (till January for
thansparent and Ferrer’s gobies and till March for lowbody picarel), as is explained in
6.3 section.
Minimum values for CPUE will be set for both Jonquillo or transparent goby and Gerret
or lowbody picarel (Considering CPUE values as monthly average of catches per boat
and day). In case that the observed values would not reach the minimum CPUE
established values, one fishing day per week will be reduced in the week fishing plan. If
once this measure is adopted and in the next month the minimum CPUE values are
not recovered, the fishery will be closed for the whole month.
Besides of this measure, if once the season is closed and the studies and yields of it
are proved not to be as good as expected, supplementary measures for next season
might be adopted such as:
-
Reduction of the quotes
Reduction of the number of authorized vessels
Extension of the closures
Prohibition of fishing one or more days during the week
In the case that the yield remains under the treshold for more than two seasons, it will
be forbidden to use the boat seines in the affected areas for at least one year.
This kind of measures have been backed up by the sector, which already in 1998
pushed a closure when they faced a fall in the catches in the Alcudia Bay.
6.6 Inspection, control and population monitoring plan
As it has been described along the MPBBS, the balearic fishery Administration is
clearly aware of the need of a control on these fishing gears, qualified as boat seines.
Even though the transparent goby and the lowbody picarel fishery, because of the
small size of their fishing equipment and because of the little amount of allowed
boats can never be a big problem when interacting with other fisheries, we are aware
that we must keep a close control regarding the precepts set in this MPBBS. Because
of that, the administation will make controls with some of the mechanisms that are
available nowadays such as:
- Collect the daily information provided by the skippers of the authorised boats.
Together whith the analysis of the information of the first selling notes will
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-
-
allow us to estimate the CPUE, number used as the index of abundancy for the
target species.
Inspections and controls of the activity made by the fishery inspectors.
This inspections and controls will be held in the sea from the fishing inspection
boats, in the ports when the boats arrive, in the fishing markets while the
auction process and also while the road transport to the markets, shops and
restaurants.
Comprobation of the registries of the first selling notes.
The Balearic Islands Administrations have developed application to
automatically detect the non-fulfilment of some of the precepts of this
MPBBS. Specifically, controls are made on the daily auctioned catches by the
authorised boats, checking methodically the possible non-fulfillment regarding
the maximum catches and the maximum percentatges of bycatch. In these
controls would be generated, if necessary, informative reports that whenever it
would be legally possible, would lead to the corresponding penalising file.
It is necessary to make a scientific monitoring plan in the way to collect the
information regarding the biology of the target species of this MPBBS in order to
mark out the actual status of explotation of this resource. That is the reason whyit is
planned the monitoring of the fishery “in situ” by technicians on board who will study
the volume and composition of the by-cath and will at the same time make a
sampling of the catches in order to get biological data (first maturity size,
reproductive season, etc), supplemented with the monitoring of environmental
factors (temperature, salinity, etc).
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7
Aspectos socioeconómicos
7.1 Introducción y generalidades
Las Illes Balears es una Comunidad autónoma perteneciente al Estado español,
estado miembro de la Unión Europea. Situada al este de la Península Ibérica, el
archipiélago balear ocupa un territorio de unos 4.984,6 Km2, con una franja
marítima de unos 1.400 Km.
La pesca de artes menores o artesanal ha sido desde la antigüedad una importante
actividad social y humana en las Islas Baleares. Constituye una actividad variable y
multiespecífica que en algunas modalidades explota los recursos de manera
oportunista. No obstante, hay un patrón de rotación bastante definido que asocia
modalidades de pesca con estacionalidad. Así, considerando las pesquerías
artesanales más importantes, resulta que el jonquillo -Aphia y especies accesorias
asociadas (Pseudaphia, Cristallogobius, Gynnammodytes)- se pesca desde diciembre a
marzo, la sepia (Sepia officinalis) desde febrero a mayo, el gerret de artet o gerretera
(Spicara smaris) de diciembre a abril, la langosta roja (Palinurus vulgaris) desde abril a
agosto y la lampuga (Coryphaena hippurus) desde septiembre a noviembre. Existen así
mismo otras pesquerías artesanales importantes como la del salmonete de roca
(Mullus surmuletus) desde julio a noviembre y la de palangrillo de fondo, que explota
diferentes especies de alto valor comercial como el mero, el pargo, el dentón etc.,
fundamentalmente de septiembre a diciembre aunque con una estacionalidad menos
marcada que las otras modalidades.
Estos datos se demuestran al aparecer, en los estudios socioeconómicos, el
transparent goby como la especie de arte de tiro más pescada y de mayor
rendimiento comercial de las Illes Balears en el primer trimestre de cada año.
Sin embargo, el estudio y evaluación socioeconómica se realizará sobre los artes de
tiro y no sobre la jonquillera o la gerretera, dado que tal y como se indicó al principio
de este plan de gestión son artes muy similares que merecen ser evaluados
conjuntamente para tener una idea global de su verdadera repercusión
socioeconómica.
7.2 El sector pesquero en las Illes Balears
7.2.1
Análisis macroeconómico.
En la actualidad, en las Illes Balears viven poco más de 1,1 millones de habitantes, sin
contar la población flotante que representa el turismo.
La producción pesquera final (pesca+acuicultura) del año 2010 se situó en
28.738.918 Euros.
En cuanto al número total de embarcaciones pesqueras, el número total se sitúa en
412, empleando a 673 tripulantes.
El sector de agricultura, ganadería y pesca representa el 1,022 % del PIB Balear.
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7.2.2 Análisis sectorial.
El sector pesquero en las Illes Balears cuenta con una flota de 412 embarcaciones
para un total de 673 personas como tripulación, según los datos estadísticos de
finales de 2010.
La principal modalidad es la de artes menores, que con 348 embarcaciones
representa el 83% de embarcaciones que operan en las Illes Balears y que ocupan al
58% de de los pescadores. Esta modalidad está orientada a la captura de diversos
recursos litorales y es en este capítulo donde se encuentran las embarcaciones
dedicadas a la pesca con artes de tiro.
Otras modalidades son la de arrastre de fondo, que con 50 embarcaciones representa
casi el 12% de las embarcaciones de pesca profesional y emplea un 33% de los
pescadores que faenan en aguas Baleares. A mayor distancia encontramos la
modalidad de cerco con 9 embarcaciones (2,15% del total), palangre de fondo con 5
embarcaciones (1,2% del total) y palangre de superficie con 3 embarcaciones (0,72%
del total).
De entre las 348 embarcaciones dedicadas a las artes menores, 36 participan en
Mallorca de la pesca del transparent goby, y otras 8 en Eivissa, Formentera y Mallorca
de la pesca del lowbody picarel. Es significativo el dato que ofrece el mantenimiento
de la actividad a lo largo de los años en el caso del transparent goby. Así, de acuerdo
con los datos de los años 2002 y 2003, se puede apreciar que en esos años, 30
embarcaciones de artes menores se dedicaron a la pesca del transparent goby,
mientras en 2010 ese número se incrementó hasta las 36. El dato más relevante sin
embargo es que de las 30 que ejercían su actividad en 2002-2003, 15 siguen en
activo, mientras que otras 21 son embarcaciones nuevas (construidas con la licencia
de otras viejas), lo que muestra una tasa de renovación de la flota superior al 50%,
demostrando que esta actividad está viva. En cuanto a las embarcaciones que pescan
lowbody picarel, de las 15 embarcaciones que existían en 2002-2003, únicamente 8
de ellas están activas en la actualidad, habiéndose producido una única
incorporación en los últimos años.
En cuanto a las embarcaciones que ya no pescan jonquillo pero que siguen en activo,
el número total es de 10 embarcaciones, lo que muestra que la tasa de “cambio” de
arte es de un 30%, respecto a la tasa de renovación del 50%.
Según el Libro Azul de la pesca balear (1989) el número de embarcaciones dedicadas
entonces a la pesca del transparent goby era de 47, con una eslora media de 8,3 m y
una potencia de 43 KW.
A diferencia de las pesquerías de lanzón del norte de Europa donde las capturas van
destinadas en su totalidad a la transformación industrial para la producción de
harinas y sus derivados, en las Illes Balears existe un mercado de pescado fresco de
transparent goby y lowbody picarel que mantiene la aceptación entre los
consumidores.
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7.2.3 Nivel de capturas y precio medio.
Según el Instituto Español de Oceanografía “los desembarcos de transparent goby
representan un valor aproximado del 4,5% anual de la captura comercializada en el
centro de venta de capturas de toda la isla de Mallorca, la lonja de Palma”.
En cualquier caso no hay que olvidar que la pesca de transparent goby y lowbody
picarel en las Illes Balears es una pesquería local, que pese a la importancia
económica que representa para el pequeño colectivo de pescadores, no deja de ser
insignificante respecto a las pesquerías gestionadas por la UE en el norte de Europa
donde, en lugar de las casi 43 toneladas de jonquillo y lowbody picarel que se
pescaron en 2009 destinadas al consumo en fresco, y que marcan el máximo de
captura, se están desembarcando, tal como se ha mencionado anteriormente,
400.000 Tm/año, con destino al engorde de otras especies animales a través de su
transformación en harinas.
El transparent goby es la novena especie en valor en Baleares. En 2010 supuso
415.000 € en primera venta y un 2,0 % del total, un 5,6 % si se consideran sólo las
especies de peces. Su importancia económica es muy grande si tenemos en cuenta
que se trata de las capturas obtenidas sólo por la flota artesanal de Mallorca en un
periodo de cuatro meses y medio. Su peso económico ha ido aumentando en los
últimos años como puede verse en la gráfica de la figura 2.
Fig. 2
Pese a no disponer de estudios exhaustivos sobre el stock de lowbody picarel en las
costas de las Illes Balears, el volumen de capturas, de acuerdo con los registros de
ventas en lonja desde 2002 a 2010 varía entre las 285 Tm en 2005 y las 209 Tm en
2011.
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La especie ocupa el decimotercer puesto en ingresos por primera venta en Baleares
(460.000 € en 2010), aunque es su mayoría procede de capturas con arte de arrastre,
en particular con artes de malla rómbica (en uso hasta 2010). La importancia relativa
de las capturas con gerretera debe estudiarse en relación con los desembarcos
efectuados en puertos de las Pitiusas porque el uso de este arte en Mallorca es
anecdótico. El volumen de capturas de esta especie por parte de la flota artesanal de
Ibiza y Formentera, en comparación con las capturas de los arrastreros, se muestra en
la figura siguiente. Su importancia relativa ha ido en aumento y es de esperar que la
tendencia se consolide a medida que la flota de arrastre vaya adoptando la malla
cuadrada.
En la figura siguiente se muestra la importancia relativa de las capturas de lowbody
picarel y el porcentaje que representa en el total de ingresos por primera venta para la
flota artesanal. Se observa que el lowbody picarel padece una desvalorización relativa
en comparación con otras especies demersales, similar a la que sufre el pescado azul.
El precio se ha incrementado en un 3,8% anual desde el 2002, apenas un 0.9 por
encima de la inflación a pesar del descenso de las capturas, que está en torno al 12%
anual. Se trata de un problema de mercado que necesita medidas de marketing
imaginativas para recuperar la demanda de unas especies cuyos stocks permiten una
explotación racional y sostenible del ecosistema marino local.
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Fig. 4
La supervivencia de esta modalidad en las Illes Balears depende de que puedan
aplicarse dos excepciones al Reglamento (CE) N° 1967/2006 del Consejo de 21 de
diciembre de 2006 relativo a las medidas de gestión para la explotación sostenible de
los recursos pesqueros en el mar Mediterráneo y por el que se modifica el Reglamento
(CEE) N° 2847/93 y se deroga el Reglamento (CE) N° 1626/94: una relativa a la
distancia mínima a la costa autorizada para las redes de tiro desde embarcación y
otra respecto a la profundidad mínima autorizada para este mismo arte.
7.2.4 Por zona geográfica
Tal como se ha mencionado en el apartado 4.2, la pesca del transparent goby y del
lowbody picarel está muy localizada geográficamente. Así, a pesar de que la pesca del
transparent goby se puede desarrollar en los fondos detríticos litorales de todo el
archipiélago balear, la tradición y la abundancia de la especie hacen que la actividad
se de exclusivamente en la isla de Mallorca y se concentre principalmente en las
bahías de Palma, Alcudia y Pollença, así como en las aguas de Andratx, Calvià y
Cabrera.
En cuanto a la pesca del lowbody picarel, y también tal como se ha mencionado en el
punto 4.2, la pesca de esta especie se centra principalmente en las Pitiusas y, en
Mallorca, en las bahías de Pollença y Migjorn.
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En el punto 7.2.6 se aborda la concentración de embarcaciones de acuerdo con las
cofradías más cercanas a las áreas de pesca.
7.2.5 Peso específico del transparent goby y del lowbody picarel dentro del
sector
La pesca artesanal del transparent goby y del lowbody picarel en las Illes Balears es
una pesquería local, que, pese a la vital importancia que representa para el colectivo
de pescadores que la ejercen, no deja de tener un pequeño peso especifico respecto a
la totalidad de las artes menores que, a su vez, representan el 9% aproximado en
capturas, y el 13% en recaudación del total del sector de artes menores de las
Baleares.
Esta comparativa aún es más destacable si se vuelve a relacionar con el negocio
asociado a la pesca del lanzón anteriormente indicado de las pesquerías gestionadas
por la UE en el norte de Europa, donde se desembarcan 400.000 Tm/año con destino
al engorde de otras especies animales.
La pesca artesanal del transparent goby y del lowbody picarel en Baleares en los
últimos diez años no ha llegado a superar las 50 toneladas, un 0,000125%
insignificante respecto a las pescas del norte de Europa. Estas cifras, sin ser el reflejo
de un estudio exhaustivo sobre el stock del transparent goby y del lowbody picarel en
las costas baleares, son resultado más del análisis de la demanda del mercado
interno, que de la abundancia del recurso. Es, pues, una actividad netamente
sostenible.
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También es destacable el hecho de ser pescado capturado para el consumo en fresco,
lo que refuerza lo expuesto anteriormente y visualiza un negocio de pequeña escala y
de una buena rentabilidad asociada.
En el siguiente capítulo se expone la situación actual de esta modalidad de pesca
artesanal y, a la vez, se analiza la explotación desde una perspectiva más
microeconómica.
7.2.6 La flota
De acuerdo con los datos del año 2010, sólo 36 embarcaciones en todo el litoral
Balear estaban autorizadas para practicar la pesca del transparent goby. Según los
mismos datos, el número de embarcaciones censadas entonces para la pesca del
lowbody picarel fue de 6.
A continuación se muestra un listado de las embarcaciones censadas para la pesca
con artes de tiro para la temporada 2010 – 2011, de acuerdo con la Resolución de la
directora general de Pesca de 5 de octubre de 2010, por la que se regula la pesca con
artes de tiro tradicional en aguas de las Illes Balears durante la temporada 2010 –
2011, publicado en el BOIB número 15 de 19 de octubre de 2010.
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EMBARCACIÓN
ES FORNE
ORION III
TINU II
L’AVANÇADA
ES RACONET
NA ROSSA
NOU RATXA
VIRGINIA
FELIPE
N’ALBA
JAIRO
SA PEDRUSCADA
PASSADOR
TERESA SEGUNDO
BERNARDINO
ES VERGES
HERMANOS VERA
ELS GORRETES
JAUME CUARTO
XORIGUER UNO
L’AUBA II
TOMALU
REME TONI III
MORON II
GERMANS TORRES
DANAGUS
BARTOLO JUAN
NA LLOBRIGA
TINA
NOAH
NOU VISTAALEGRE
PETIT FUAT
NOU PATRASH
BIEL PRIMERO
TIZONA
AGUILEÑO
CINCO HERMANOS
CAP NONO
DESEO
JOVEN ANTONIO
EL CORDOBÉS
MURENETA
MATRÍCULA
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-PM
3ª-IB
3ª-MH
3ª-IB
3ª-IB
3ª-IB
FOLIO
2-390
2-404
2-1703
2-1-02
1-1-07
1-1-01
1-3-03
2-424
1-621
2-2-07
1-4-91
1-1899
2-5-05
1-1/2003
1-1810
1-1841
1-2013
1-1975
1-2-2008
1-1661
1-2-91
1-1888
1-1836
1-1871
1-3-05
1-1-06
1-1722
1-4-08
1-1751
2-2-06
2-1-98
2-2-05
2-4-05
2-3-05
2-1-93
4-336
4-175
1-997
2-160
1-1068
2-6
2-1
COFRADIA DE PESCADORES
POLLENÇA
POLLENÇA
POLLENÇA
POLLENÇA
POLLENÇA
POLLENÇA
POLLENÇA
POLLENÇA
POLLENÇA
POLLENÇA
POLLENÇA
SÓLLER
SÓLLER
PALMA
PALMA
PALMA
PALMA
PALMA
SANTANYÍ
COLÒNIA DE SANT JORDI
ANDRATX
ANDRATX
ANDRATX
ANDRATX
CALA RAJADA
CALA RAJADA
ALCÚDIA
ALCÚDIA
ALCÚDIA
ALCÚDIA
ALCÚDIA
ALCÚDIA
ALCÚDIA
ALCÚDIA
FORMENTERA
EIVISSA
EIVISSA
EIVISSA
SANT ANTONI DE PORTMANY
SANT ANTONI DE PORTMANY
La mayor concentración de embarcaciones se da en las Cofradías (bahías) de
Pollença y Alcudia, congregando 19 de las 42 embarcaciones dedicadas a la
actividad, es decir el 45% del total censado.
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Como hemos mencionado anteriormente, de acuerdo con los datos de los años 2002
y 2003, se puede apreciar que 30 embarcaciones de artes menores se dedicaban a la
pesca del transparent goby, mientras en 2010 ese número se incrementó hasta las 36.
El dato más relevante sin embargo es que de las 30 que ejercían su actividad en 20022003, 15 siguen en activo, mientras que otras 21 son embarcaciones nuevas, lo que
muestra una tasa de renovación de la flota superior al 50%, demostrando que esta
actividad está viva y que constituye una más que arraigada tradición. En cuanto a las
embarcaciones gerreteras, de las 15 embarcaciones que existían en 2002-2003,
únicamente 8 de ellas están activas en la actualidad, habiéndose producido una única
incorporación en los últimos años.
Las especificaciones técnicas detalladas anteriormente (6.3.4), así como el carácter
altamente selectivo del arte de pesca (Brunet, 2004 y 2007), dada la proporción
media de especies objetivo del 89 % en peso (del 56.5 % al 99.8 % por lance), muestra
la alta selectividad de estos artes.
7.2.7 Volumen de capturas y precio medio asociado
En las siguientes tablas se mostrará el peso específico que implica la pesca de
transparent goby o del lowbody picarel para las diferentes embarcaciones que han
pescado alguna de estas especies desde el año 2002. En estas tablas se muestra el
volumen de negocio que ha representado para cada uno de los buques en los años
que han pescado transparent goby, respecto a las capturas totales anuales.
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Estos datos muestran la importancia de la preservación de esta modalidad de pesca,
que al ser aprobado el MPBBS garantizará una explotación sostenible y de gran ayuda
para los pescadores.
7.2.8 Histórico del peso específico del transparent goby en el volumen de
negocio
Fig. 5
Importancia relativa del transparent goby para una muestra de doce embarcaciones.
Se muestra el volumen que representa la especie respecto al total anual de capturas
de cada buque y respecto al total de ingresos en primera venta.
7.3 La perspectiva socio-económica del MPBBS.
Sería totalmente recomendable que el MPBBS actuara, también, como hoja de ruta
en la mejora del modelo de negocio de este tipo de pesca artesanal.
Las peculiaridades expresadas a lo largo de esta evaluación socio-económica, así
como el tamaño del colectivo, deberían trabajarse como factores que faciliten el
proceso de cambio.
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El MPBBS, desde esta visión, debería contemplar los déficits o áreas de mejora
presentados en el análisis microeconómico, relacionado con la explotación como
unidad de negocio.
Los aspectos técnicos claves que dinamizarán este tipo de pesca artesanal hacia una
mejor realidad empresarial son:
- Limitación de licencias
- Cuota de captura
- Período de veda
- Facilitar la movilidad a lo largo de la costa para reducir las distintas
capacidades de las embarcaciones (KW, eslora)
El objetivo en clave empresarial ha de centrarse en:
- La garantía de una pesca sostenible incide directamente en su generación de
valor.
- El aprovechamiento del periodo de veda como factor de mejora continua.
- La armonización de capacidades pesqueras con el fin de garantizar un precio
medio más alto. El factor clave más determinante es la visualización de la
captura como instrumento regulador del precio medio, y el cambio de la
perspectiva actual, donde el poder regulador se ha dejado en manos del canal
de distribución.
Para verificar el cumplimiento de estos objetivos se evaluará la evolución de los
siguientes indicadores:
-Precio de primera venta de las especies objetivo.
-Precio medio final
-Beneficio neto por embarcación y tripulante
-Porcentaje de los ingresos anuales
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66 de 69
ANEXOS
I. NORMATIVA AUTONÓMICA
•
Resolución del Conseller de Agricultura y Pesca, de día 21 de octubre de 1985,
por la que se establece la obligatoriedad de una autorización expresa para la pesca de
Aphia minuta
•
Resolución de día 13 de diciembre de 1993, por la cual se regula la pesca del
jonquillo “Aphia minuta mediterránea” (De Buen, 1931), cabotí “Pseudaphya ferreri”
(De Buen & Fage, 1908) “Crystallogobius linearis” (Von Düben, 1845) y especies
asociadas para la temporada 1993/94.
•
Orden del Consejero de Agricultura, Comercio e Industria, de 15 de diciembre
de 1998, por la que se declara una zona de veda para la pesca del jonquillo (Aphia
minuta L.) y especies afines en la Bahía de Alcudia (Mallorca).
•
Decreto 17/2009, de 6 de marzo, por el que se establece un plan de gestión
per a la pesca con artes de tirada tradicionales en aguas de las Illes Balears
•
Resolución de la Directora General de Pesca de 14 de octubre de 2009, por la
que se regula la pesca con artes de tirada tradicionales en aguas de las Illes Balears
durante la temporada 2009-2010.
•
Resolución de la Directora General de Pesca de 5 de octubre de 2010 por la
que se regula la pesca con artes de tirada tradicionales en aguas de las Illes Balears
durante la temporada 2010-2011.
•
Decreto 49/1985, de 23 de mayo, que regula la pesca del lowbody picarel en
aguas interiores del Archipiélago Balear
Reservas marinas y áreas protegidas
•
Real Decreto 941/2001, de 3 de agosto, por el que se establece el régimen de
protección de los recursos pesqueros del Parque Nacional Marítimo-Terrestre del
Archipiélago de Cabrera.
•
Orden de la Consejera de Agricultura y Pesca de 1 de septiembre de 2006, por
la que se regulan las actividades a desarrollar en la reserva marina de la Bahía de
Palma, comprendida entre el Club Náutico de s'Arenal y el cabo Regana.
•
Decreto 21/2007, de 23 de marzo, por el que se establece la Reserva Marina
del Llevant de Mallorca.
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68 de 69
II. BIBLIOGRAFÍA
National Management Plan for derogation to mesh size and distance from the
coast (Rule (EC) N. 1967/2006, Art. 9) and 13) regarding the use of boat
seines for transparent goby (Aphia minuta) fishing in GSA 9. Gazzeta Ufficiale
19/8/2011.
Brunet, M. 2004. Estudio de la selectividad del “jonquiller” como arte menor de
pesca en las Baleares. Informe para la DGP.
Brunet, M. 2007. Situació del jonquillo a l’illa de Mallorca (continuació). 37
pp. Informe para la DGP.
Ekatron SL. 1998. Evaluación del stock de “jonquillo” de la Bahía de Alcúdia
por métodos acústicos. Informe para la DGP
Iglesias, M. and B. Morales-Nin 2001. Life cycle of the pelagic goby Aphia
minuta. Scientia Marina 65(3) 183 – 192
Iglesias, M. 1996. Biología y pesca de Aphia minuta (Risso,1810) (Pisces:
Gobiidae)
en
la
Isla
de
Mallorca
http://www.ieo.es/publicaciones/tesis/RyAMic10_1996.htm
Instituto Europeo de Asesoramiento Permanente, 1991. La comercialització
dels productes de la pesca del mar balear. 174 pp. Conselleria d’Agricultura i
Pesca.
Magdalena Llabrés y José Mª Martorell, 1984. La pesquería de artes menores. Islas
Baleares.1ª parte. Publicación de la Comunidad Autónoma de las Islas Baleares.
VIII + 270 pág.
Mario La Mesa, Enrico Arneri, Vincenzo Caputo and M. Iglesias, 2005. The
Transparent Goby, Aphia minuta. Review of Biology and Fisheries of a
Paedomorphic European Fish Reviews In Fish Biology and Fisheries Volume 15,
Numbers 1-2, 89-109, DOI: 10.1007/s11160-005-1613-4
Oliver, P. 1993. Analisis of the fluctuations observed in the trawl fleet
unloadings of the Balearic islands. Scientia Marina 56(4) 301- 308
Riera, F., Oliver, J. & Terrassa, J., 1995. Peixos de les Balears. Conselleria de Medi
Ambient i Ordenació del Territori.
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management plan for balearic boat seines - STECF

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