The rock tombs of El Amarna - NYU | Digital Library Technology

The rock tombs of El Amarna - NYU | Digital Library Technology

NYU
IFA LIBRARY
3 1162 04538737
1
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT
Edited by F.
Ll.
GRIFFITH
SE VENTEEX'JII MEMOIR
THE EOCK TOMBS
OP
EL AMARNA
PAET V -SMALLEE TOMBS AND BOUNDABY STEL.VE
BY
N.
Di:
G.
DAVIlvS
FORTY-FOUR PLATES AND COLOURED FRONTISPIECE
LONDON'
SOLD AT
Tin:
OFFICES OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND,
37,
CSrkat
Kosskll
Stukkt,
W.C.
AND PlERCK BUILDINO, CoPLKY SQUARE, BOSTON. MaSS., U.S.A.
AND BY
KEGAN PAUL, TREXrH, THObNER &
B.
QUARITCll,
11,
CO.,
Dryden House,
Ckkuaud Stklkt.
Grafton Street, New Bond Street,
Bedford Street, Covknt Garden, W.C, and
ASHER & CO., 13,
AND HENRY FROWDE, Amen
43.
Corner, E.C.. and 01 and
mos
50,
93,
.^ouo, \V.
\V.
Untkb den
I.inhen,
Fifth Avwtje,
New
Bkrun
York.
K
nJ,.
El Amarna
V.
Frontispiece.
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT
Ll
Edited by F.
GRIFFITH
SE vi:xri:i:\ i ii mkmoir
THE HOCK TOMBS
OF
EL
A
MARNA
PAET V -SMALLEE TOMBS AND BOUNDAl^Y STELAE
BY
N.
im:
G.
DAVIES
FORTY-FOUR PLATES AND COLOURED FRONTISPIECE
LONDON
SOLD AT
The 0KF1CE8 OF
'I'HE
EGYPT EXPLORATfON FUND,
37,
Uueat
IUsskli,
Stukkt,
W.C.
AND Pierce Huildino, Copley Squake, Boston. Mass., U.S.A.
AND
iiy
KKGAN PAUL, TRENCH,
H.
ASIIIM; & CO.,
AND
l:!,
HENRY
I'RUBNEI? & CO., Dryden Mouse,
(Jl'AKITCH,
II,
(iRAKTON
.STRr.F.T.
\mi:n Corner, E.C.,
IIMIS
am.
Gebrakd Street.
.Vew Bond .Street.
Hkhfoud Street, t:ovENT Garden, W.C. and
FROWI'K,
43.
!II
and
.")0,
'.».
Soiio.
\V.
Unter dkn Linden, Berlin
Fii'tii
Avenuk.
New York
W.
ui^f-rn
wcviorr
1
I-dSUUN
I'HINTKli BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SuNS, LIMITED,
STHEET.
T)CRE
STAMFORD STRKKT. S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET.
:
NEW YORK
UMiVEHSlTY
LIBRARY
IT
S3
W
EGYPT EXPLOEATTON FUND
prcslOcnt
P. G.
HILTON PRICE,
Esq., Dib.S.A.
UlcespresiDciits
The Et. Mox. The Earl of Cromer,
John
Sir
Evans,
K.C.B.,
D.C.L.,
LL.D.,
Maunde-Thompson,
K.C'.ll,
D.C.L.,
F.R.S., F.S.A.
SiH
]].
G.C.B., G.C.M.G.. K.C.S.I. (Eg>-pt)
The Hon. Chas. L. Hutchinson
Prof. T. Day Seymour (U.S.A.)
(U.S.A.)
Prof. Ad. Er.man, Ph.D. (Germany)
LL.D.
Prof. G. Maspero, D.C.L. (France)
The Rev. Prof. A. II. Savce, M.A., LL.D.
Prop. W. W. Goodwin (U.S.A.)
,
Joriah Mullens, Esq. (Australia)
I
1bon. Jlreaeurers
Edward
H. A. Grueber, Esq., F.S.A.
"Ibon.
.1.
S.
T. IL n.wiAn, Esq., M.A.,
K.C, V.D.
Mouerly Bell, Esq.
The Hon. J. R. Carter (U.S.A.)
(U.S.A.)
K>^(|..
M.A.
of Connnittce
PuoF. Alexander Macalister, M.D.
Mrs. McClure.
C. F.
SoMERH Clarke,
Warren, Esq.
Secretary
Cotton,
Members
R.
The Rev. W. MacGreoor, M.A.
RoiiEUT MoND, Esq., F.R.S.E.
Esq., F.S.A.
Newton Crane, Esq. (U.S.A.)
W. E. Crum, Esq., M.A.
The Marquess of Northampton.
Louis Dyer, Esq., M.A. (U.S.A.)
Sir
Arthur John Evans,
Esq.,
Francis \Vm. Pehcival, Esq.,
M.A.,
l'\U.S.
PlSOl".
IjUNEST A. (JAUU.NKU, M.A.
D.Litt.
John Ward,
Ll. Griffith, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.
T.
F.
G. Kenyon, Esq., M.A.,
E.
Lilt.
M..\..
B.u«t.
Mrs. Tiharu.
Emanuel AL Cnderdown, Esq., K.C.
F.
I).
Heuhert Thompson,
Esq., ]'\S.A.
Herbert Warren,
Towiiv Whvtk,
Esq., M..\.
1-".s(|..
M..\.
F.S..\.
F.S.A.
CONTENTS
I'AOF.
Li^r
l':.\TKs
111-
C'liAi'TKi;
'I'oMii
'I'liK
i.
May.
(11
I'n'\inus Wdi'k
A.
T>.
vii
Ardiili-ci
iiijil
I'^'iituros.
I'lxtii'iiir
[»jt('ii(ir
\'nnlt
(
'.
I).
f^cciics
A.
ami Inscriptions.
NDrtli tliiek'ncss
2
South thickness
2
West
3
Muv,
ClIAlTKi;
.
AVall
liic Official
TlIK
II.
Smiih Side
:
4
.
Tii\ll>,
nv AnY.
Arc liitcc-lurai I'Vaturcs.
Kx tenor
(i
Interior
7
Elllraiirr
7
Corridoi'
8
?)uriai shaft
8
.
Shrine.
Pi.
Scenes
I'.
I'crsoual
8
8
it
.
D. Votive stelao
(
'hai'TKi;
Chai'tkh
1
1
1.
I\.
K
S\iAi,i,
oi;
l".\i\sii:i
Tin: nKr.Kiiots
A.
I'rayers hy
II.
Iliiriai
I
lie
petitions
deceasod
.
i:ii
To\|i;
Tkxt
If.
17
CONTENTS.
Chapter V.
The Boundat!y
Stelae.
A. Their distrilmtion
B. Their history
C.
and rontents
Descriptiou of the Stelae
D. Previous work on the site
19
20
22
27
E.
The
earlier proclamation
28
F.
The
later proclamation
31
Index
35
LIST OF PLATES
WITH KKKERK.N'GES TO THK
PA(iES UN
WHUH
THKV ARK
DE.SCRIBKD.
I'.\f:K.S
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
May'.
I'laii iiiid s('i-rii)ii
.
cnliiniii. aoil iii.-^cription.s
.
'i'oiiili (if
Sc'ctiiiii,
N.
W.
The (}uay
wall.
Tumi.
If).
,,
VTTI.
Sliiine
.
,,
and
Tombs
18 and
XIV.
Tomlj.s
:
wall
left
:
IL',
liO.
and
•J.5a
Lintel.
Tomb
XVI.
Tunili
L'L.'
Lintel,
'i'unib^l.
.WII.
Tomb
'Jl'.
Plan and sections
7i'
and
*XIX.
Site of Tond)s.
*xx.
*XXI.
Fiiiure
and
Prayer of
Steliie of Palslia
Stelae of Ptahinay and .\y
Tomb
Stela
I
XXVI.
Stela
S
.
Interior
XXIX.
XXXI.
XXXI
XXXI II.
.
.\.
A and
X.
Slelae
Fnigmeuts.
*
and
15
I-.',
ir,
8
10
10
in.
II
ly
•
•
.\
12,
It,
•
•
•-'7.
3-J,
33
•-••J,
23,
26
20.
:t 1
32
.
32, 33
....
....
{i-niil'nntiil)
Stelae
14
7,
[ruii/liiiii'd)
Te.xt
I.
17
.
•
.
.
.
(fdii/iiiai'd)
Stela
l.T
14.
and sections
.
.
Te.xt
XXX.
12, 13. 14.
14
,,
Stela K.
I'laii
of bounilarv stelae
XXVI 11.
14
lu.scription
......
Lower part
('ollnteil text
13.
14, 15, 18
and Ncbwawi
*xxn.
XXV.
17
....
....
Stelae oi .\n\-nicn and Tliav
hi.
17
7, 8,
lay
.\ny
*XXITT.
XX VII.
j\
8, 9,
.
Plans, etc.
Plans and sect ion>
_'4a.
shi'ine of
of Sutan.
13
7. 3.
i,
grattito.
Plans, etc.
(Sutau).
li)
.sections
8, 17
Mans and sections
i
ami
.
(Pa-aten-em-heb).
-14
I'lan
).
right wall.
Toiiil) I'O.
*XX1I.
(Any
Tonil) 23
Shrine
Tunilis
5
3. 4
l:!
Outer jamhs and
Tnnilis 17
3, 4,
1.
.
13
uf .\n\
'I'onili
.\klR'tateii
•2.
Sections, etc
XIII.
X\lll.
.>
Plan
.\.
XV.
Ateu
\.
..f
Section.
XI.
XIJ.
Ro3-aI family worship.s
-'
16
4, 5.
•1,
S. tliifkiie.s.« aiul janilis
VTl.
IX.
The
thif;kne.s.s.
1,
I!.
Photographic Plates.
28, 29, 30, 31
.30,
31
28, 29. 30. 31
30. 31
Clusuig lines
20. 22. 23, 25
LIST OF PLATES.
PLATE
XXXIV.
*XXXV.
*XXXVI.
*XXXVII.
*XXXVIII.
*XXXIX.
PAGES
A aud
Stelae
Interior of Torn!) 21.
May
N. thiekocs.s.
:
K
Stelae
Stela
K:
Stela S
and
lines
Tomb
22.
May
Stelae
A
an
2,
33
2,
14
14, 23,
24
24, 25, 27
1-:^
28, 29, 30, 31
22, 23, 26
N
*.VLI.
Site of Stela
(,).
(,»
19, 20, 23, 24, 31,
.
.
Stelae S aud
Stelae
Hall of
^lap of Aklietateu
U
*XL.
*XLn.
Fragraeiit.s.
U.f
and
23, 25, 26
Stela
A
23, 24, 26
.
26
I!
Hay)
*XLIII.
Stela A.
{Dr.nrliuj
*XL1\'.
I'otterv.
Frasjment.s of Stelae.
I,;/
Phi'tc/fi djilnt' P/fitcs.
23, 24, 27
Site of Stela, S.
t
Wnun/hf
U-ftcrc'l in ike I'luir.
23, 25, 26, 27
THE
ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
PART
V.
CHAPTEK
I.
THE TOMB OF MAY (^
A.
The
Previous Work.
existence of this large
have
l)een
tomb (No.
patent to visitors at
as the entrance
The
periods
all
Bouriant
JVl.
in
carried out, b)
M. Daressy
tomb
"
M. Ilarsanti ten years
p>il)lished
most of the texts of
liis
this
name,
i
on
latioii
planned
as
appearance
7,
1
is
i,.
through
tlie
the portal.
-
The approach which has been
rock-slope
is
not
much broader
Tlir latter has the custom;ir\-
and decoration, but the surface
abnost destroyed.
It
<il'
the
cul
tlian
Ibrm
linlcl
is
sliowed the usmd dupli-
cated .scene of the Royal family adoring Aten.
may be gathered tVoni fi'aginents of ihe
nmlh end L;i\en on I'lare v.. ihrei' princes.ses
.\s
the (^>ueen's sister Mutlienret wen' ineludeil.
••ind
'
BoDRiANT, Deux joura do
fouillt'it,
p.
8
;
I)ai!i;.ssy,
The name, though defaced,
picked out by me on the left jamb some years ago, as
eueil,
XV.,
pp. 38-41.
by BiPastpd
iiidepeiuleiitly.
It
— .\lthough
the hall
its
present
owing
less
to
the interior, exicpt
all
it^s
filth
low down
ii.)
neai'
iL.X'rKHioR.
xxx%'.).
very unattractive,
wliieh o\eilie>
(Plaips
and a trans-
iv.
18.)
ambitious enough,
wiis
plaster.
unfinished state than to the blackness and
Architectural Features.
B.
be found on Plate
will
]ip.
Intkkior (IMate
for
erased from the inscriptions.'
it
•
Royal Scribe" at the end of the columns on
(The text
and
later,
•
as well as his title of
have been covered over with tenacious
This task, however, was
ls,s:;.
•'
(0
the jambs, has been hacked out and the remains
was not cleared bv
of a " flabellifcn-e," but rmt
found
lie
tonil)
tlu'
to the
followers after their multi-
The name of the deceased,
was almost completely blocked
with sand, what was visible was extremely unpromising, and
The royal
tudes, attendants on the feet of their lord
but
;
"
:
apparently refers
here
in.scription
retinue
must
14)
i).
is
absolutoly
South Thickness, ami legible on the ceiling;
is still anonymous in Man. du Culte d'Atonoii,
pliiin
liul
I.,
I
he entrance where the walls have always
protected
i)een
grime
is
coui\tle.ss
due
largely,
bats
which
But the
.seems also to
hall
lire
a
was
show
filled
broke out
I'leiid
it
not
fnini
and columns
that at .some time
with coflined
atmo.sphere
the
to
here
assert their ancient
still
state of the walls
in this
This
entirely,
have housed
immemorial, and
time
privilege.
invading sand.
the
b\-
when the
mummies
a
tierce
intlanmiabic matcrinl
:
for
hardly able to ac-
.seems
appearance of the tomb, ami .some
Be-
count
wa.s
of the bones recently thrown out are <ertainly
also
for the
calcined, l)Ut
whether by
th»'
excavators or no
I
on the
the
tomb
pp. 71-77.
cannot
The
.say.
ceiling
of the
liall
was intended
t<i
be
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
by
carried
twelve
papyrus-coliuimy
given their final form (see Plate
ii.
hut,
;
usual, only those of the central aisle
for details of
the west column on the north side of the
The adjoining two
in the west
the stems on the capitals
aisle).
row merely show
the rest on the north
;
North Thickness.— (Plates
as
have beeu
hand
the left
iii.,
On
xxxvi.)'.
in the thickness of the wall of rock
the scene of the worship of the Aten
by the Royal
family takes the main place, and below this was'
The King
the prayer and praying figure of May.
and Queen, who present the censer and
libation-
are even less advanced, while on the south one
vase to the sun from behind a laden altar, are
Of the remaining two,
followed by three of their daughters and by Mut-
is
a square pillar.
still
only
the
have been detached from the
abaci
mass of unremoved rock which
still
this
fills
corner of the hall to within a yard of the ceiling.
The
tomb
usual features of this type of
though
to be found,
in
an unfinished
are
state, viz.,
the doubly-corniced door which was the promise
of an inner chamber,
and the shrines
for statues
of the deceased at each end of the nearest crossaisle.
is undecorated and now much
The North Shrine contains a standing
Mav, which, though the merest hozzo
figure of
allows his long wig and the fan of office over his
right
The north and
shoulder to be divined.
south walls of the hall are in the roughest state,
but
at
it is
evident that the inner row of columns
was
least
usual form.
to
The presence of this princess here has no special
significance.
The subjects of the various walls of
tomlis in this group seem to have been settled
by the example of Ay, who, as father of Nefertiti
and of Mutbenret, naturally included the latter
the side
to terminate
The unfinished
by
in pilasters
pillar is still
a party-wall of
of
rock, to
which
a rough coping has been given in order to
the best of the
Vault.
—A
the
attached
make
The text
on
its
May
of
has
under the east
wall.
At
an interment.
has been
cut
The lower half of the
away to give a wider
passage, showing that the staircase was not part
p. 16.^
It is
but the kneeling figure
;
It can
just be seen that ]\Iay was kneeliug with right
hand uplifted and the
shoulder.
his
left
holding the fan over
Apparently he wore the
His name, which occurred
cap.
in the
festal
middle of
the inscription, has been similarly expunged, and
this hostility has
been also shown to the menti(jn
of Royal Scribe and of some other
dignity, as on the
the nineteenth stair a level space leaves scanty
be found
will
the space covered with coarse plaster.
of his office
and pene-
May
translation on
been remorselessly destroyed and
unremoved mass.
trates a short distance
for
of the prayer of
xix.,
ii.,
rough place of burial has been
in the north-east corner of the tonilj
pilaster
Pis.
in excellent condition
provided by means of a stairway, which descends
room
Royal group.
also in the
The door
mutilated.
The last is attended, as she is wont to
by her two female dwarfs. Para and Re-neheh."
beuret.
lie,
jambs
South Thickness.
fall
from
(PI. iv.),
— The
same evidence of
a
appears on the South Thickness
fav(_)ur
where
out.side.
May had
another address of his
inscribed in five columns the full height of the
wall,
and
in
In
figure.^
overlaid
columns over a kneeling
shorter
this
case
(probably
not only was the figure
after
defacement)
with
a
of the original design.
'
Mon. du Culie d'Atouou, Plate xxxii.
The sky
scene extends over the doorway on the left hand,
C.
Scenes and Inscriptions.
ii.,
iii.,
iv., v., xix.,
The only mural decorations
xxxvi.)
witliin the
end
resting upon the mountains.
=
(Plates
in the
its
*
tomb
Cf.
Part
II., pp. 13,
U, Part VI.,
Mon. du Culte d'Aionou,
Pis. xxvi., xxviii., xxxi.
PI. xxxiii.
A
translation
is
also given in Bee.^sted, Records, II., pp. 412, 413.
*
The
figures
shown
in Plates xxxiii., x.\xi\'. of the abovu
occur on both sides of the entrance and on the
work, though
south side of the west wall.
roughly to resemble the original attitudes.
fictitious, since
the original
is
invisible,
seem
THE
rough and most tenacious
hieroglyphs also were
plaster,
filled up.
T0.M13
OK MAY.
but the incised
the Queen,
In part owing
stem and
is
made
to mooring-stakes at
fast
with a crowd of craft above and
.stern,
to the different nature of the defacing plaster,
below, similar but simpler, to accommodate the
they now assume the form of an inlay and are
Royal hou.sehold.
legible
but a large part
;
fouml
1
<iuite obliter-
ated and had painfully to pick out the
Sometimes
original sign
thing might
may
it
still
filling.
the
left
the process
was
Some-
be done to improve the text,
be that the short columns can also
recovered
be
but often
clear,
and
readily
and the resulting form uncertain.
difhcult
and
came away
this
(For a
part.
in
ti'aiislntion
see
West Wall
—
South Side. This wall is the
the tomb whicli sliows decora-
:
only one inside
tion or
prepared to receive
is
Even here the
it.
only traced in ink, and only preserved
scene
is
as far
up as the protecting bank of sand extended.
Fortunately the part saved
most
that
is
wliicli
The scene seems
May
have been
to
of
tliat
has deviated from the usual model
and
has given a foreground to the sccne.^
as
and
we know,
this,
lay near
his picture.
with the Eoyal
make
artist could
In the background
we
is
entrance to the palace
paths lead
fore) to
down
;
and from
il
it
one hand and the
edge on which he
Ls
he extends the
foot
(jther
His right hand
working.
Near him a man
holds the netting-.shuttle.
is
may be wrong
in
fragment of a
Museum which came from
at
Karnak.
which .Xtcn sheds
mail cain-iiii; nars.
Ft
is
uraeus-
forms the
piles
and
At
fencing.
among the
The
meat
are
gardeners
shown
are
a tree
up the bank
Further
also.
removing
busy
which thev have been cutting
tions.
The
strip of
leafy shrul)s,
is
for decora-
ground between the palace
thickly planted
palms,
witli
clumps of papyrus and fluwors
on the right a tree
holder,
and
l)ouquets
foliage
which
is
is
growing
seen,
and
:
in a brick
with outlets for the
pierced
moisture.
pieces in
gates,
in the sunshine,
a
side
runs a light hooped railing to prevent accidents.
On
is
the deck there are three erections.
an open
kio.sk,
.\t
the canopy of which
is
each end
adorned
uraei and supported on slender columns.
Whether they contain images or deck-.seats for
with
is no longer clear, but
and her daughters
Queen
that the
their Majesties
may
it
are
to
seen there on the after-deck of their boat,
the middle of each vessel
construction.
side doors
is
X
and windows
a
much
cabin
is
furnished
coluiiinicl
aft,
whicii
in
ascends
with
.\bove
this there ia a covered upper-deck, reached
companion-ladder
be
be
larger two-
seen below,
on
and
Otherwise, the
two boats are similarly constructed. Along the
storied
the wreck of Akhonaton's
shows uracus-crowned
his niys,
Stands of
at the top of the steering-paddles.
portico would be on the other side of the biiildinj;.
scene
are taking
it."
supplying columns here.
.similar
men
Atef-cvown, the Queen the double plume), carved
the bank (in a sloping line there-
or
Elsewhere
holds steady for him.
oars from a pile or Ijiuding masts.
as close to
one the barge of the King, at the other that of
tenii>le
making
ing the end taut between his toes, while with
heads of their ^lajesties (the King wearing the
two diverging
two landing-stages raised on
carrying uraeus-topped kiosks
A
is
A
the tackle.
approved fashion, hold-
a net in
in
A
papyrus-capitals on either (?) side of
Cairo
sailor
yards, the sails and
him
crowned gate having seven columns with open
-
mast, the
To
etc.
the oars ncatlv lashed together, the
landing-
see a colonnade running
along the river-front of the palace.
I
the
riffht lie
The barges of the King and Queen are distinguislied not onh' by their .size, but by the
l)argcs,
Presumably the scene
an Egyptian
The
the i)ank of the
stage and gardens, has been included by
fact as
the
at the balcony of the palace, but
artist
'
busy at work repairing the tackle,
and the quay
the
palace,
has
interest (Plate v.).
reward of
river,
the foreshore the crews are
trimming the shaft of a paddle which a boy
below.
the
On
by a
inidcr
.1
portico to a l<ytlia exactly rc.-icml)hng
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
that of the palace.
hath provided, one belo\ed by his Lord every day one
whose happiness comes (though) old age arrives and whose
would seem from the
It
;
port-holes that there are cabins also in the hull.
body is hale (though) time passes one great in favour and
happy in [honours ?] one who followed [his] lord and was
the companion (?) ^ of his feet for life, whose love is stable
;
columns,
from
the
steering-paddles and from the stern
itself,
and
Ribbons
and oay
lioht
is
all
from the
flutter
as
;
the Royal Scribe, Scribe of recruits. Overseer of the hou.se
designed for careless
if
of Sehetep-Aten, Overseer of the house of Ua-en-ra in
hours.
This detailed picture Iw a contemporary towns-
man, of a spot which we
can definitely
seer] of all
"
and
visit, firings
up before us with
the far Past
Lord
of the
locate
[He
Ra
On,
On,
(3) [Over[the works] of the King, Overseer of the soldiery
Overseer of the cattle of the temple of
of the
says
'
:
Two
in
Lands, May.
Listen]
ye to what
*
I say, all
men
(lit.
every eye") both great and small; (for) I relate to you
Then truly ye shall
the benefits which the Ruler did me.
'•
rare vividness.
The
picture
is
border
surrounded by a
of
yellow and red lines outside that shown in the
How
say, "
great are these things that were done iov this
no account!" Then truly ye shall [ask] for him
King) an eternity of se(?-festivals, an everlasting
Then truly shall ho
period as Lord of the Two Lands, (i)
man
of
(the
plate.
"^
The
columns
tablets of the
in the
aisle
still
and black ink of
retain traces of the red
their
do for
'
design, showing the King, Queen, and at least
one princess, adoring to right and
On
the Aten.
the north half of the west wall are some half-
eftaced
" year
(Plate
grattiti
" this piece
ii.
2 days
(?)
.
perhaps,
reading,
v.),^
" this piece (?) 5
"
;
days
;
inscription on the ceiling of the hall,
there was one, has
That
perished.
in
the
is
(Plate
partly legible.
I
number
As
(PL
the
which
iv.),
(?)
rations
"
An
He
King
the
Two
of
people worked
'^
;
who had been one
T
that
begged
'
caused
'
held the rank or
office of
Ha
3.
Royal Chancellor.
the South Thickness
4.
Sole Companion.
put into words
5.
Scribe of the King.
6.
Overseer of the soldiery of the Lord of the
to
is,
despite
prince.
prince.
Two
Lands.
here.'
it
adoration of Horakhti[-Aten,
the
He made my people to grow
my (-5) brethren to be many,
2.
attempts
place to insert
all
every day,
'^
grandiloquence, a description of his career,
it is in
when
Erpa
May's loyal attitude to the King,
all
he caused
my
He
his bounty,
1.
May, the Official.
on
me by
and on
me.
for me (and when) T
became lord of a town, he caused me to associate witli
Princes and Companions (though) I had been one who
He gave to me provisions and
held the last place.'
May
inscription
for me,
father's
Prince established
the
Tran.sk-
ii.
tion on p. 18.)
D.
but
my
on
of low origin Ijoth
me to grow, he
was a man of no property.
bread.'
entrance
man
miither's side,
caused
in
the
;
!
he caused that
"
(possibly the date of construc-
."
.
The
tion).
if
left of
my
me
[such as] he has done for
yovi
dispenses life
" I was a
God who
If
who giveth
South and North, living
in Truth],
life
;
Lord
we may emend
of
Cf. III., xxvii.
H
to
of
I
IV.,
;
I
ii.
Reading
Lauds, Nefer-khejieni-va-ua-en-ra, the Son of the
Sun, living in Truth, Lord of Diadems, Akhenaten, great
in his duration
of face,
;
and of the
chief wife of the King,
whom
Nefertiti, living for ever
(2)
Read
heiress, great in the palace, fair
gay with the two plumes, beloved of the Aten, the
"The Bearer
and
he
loves.
Lady
of the
ever.
Fan on [the right hand of the
whom the King of the South hath enlarged
King]
Reading
Lands,
Cf.
whose .sustenance
(or "
whose £^a
")
-
p.
l^ead
29.
"^^
hxs^
^
ll«
Cf.
Mom. du
Ih.,
Plate xxxiv.
Cwlte.
iVAUmou,
,
the Sovereign
'
•-*
'
TL,
of the
Emending
to
'"^
'
'
f
^
I., p.
Iteadi
Hill
I
ill'
and lower down
THE TOMB OF MAY.
7.
Overseer of the house of Sehetep-Aten.'
8.
Overseer of the house of Ua-en-ra in On.
9.
Overseer of
ill
10.
Overseer of
1
Scribe of
1
The two broken
titles
on the ceiling
If
10.
(PI.
ii.)
we
are
we must
list,
assign
amongst those who early
a high place
their full
and
6
titles
to give full credit to this
tlirew in
lot
with the new 'Teaching'
and were entrusted with the highest adminis-
The
trative posts.
before
his
name
offices
occurring immediately
the above
in
probably those which
imposed
are
inserij^tion
duties,
detinite
while that of Bearer of the Fan, wliirh he places
him most
l)rought
first,
King was
tliose
in
and responsible, and
the discharge of
however,
Life,
it
personal
to
difficult
appears to have been in
improbabl}-,
met sudden
sudden death.
short for ^lav, must have l)een
if
of the sweets of successful amliition and the
full
satisfaction of well-rewarded activity.
one of those
who
He became
entered most closely into the
friendship and projects of the King, and has set
down
in lasting letters, as well as in
ture, his pride in the hours ofclo.se
with the King on
tl ic
river
111
liis
charming
pic-
companionship
splendid barge.
This house
mentioned on ostraca at El
is
Amarna
(Gkifkitii, in Petrie, T. A., p. 33, PI. xxii., Nos. 5, 19-22).
It
appears to be the name of a royal person ("
.\ten
"),
wiietiier
it
1)0
who appeases
a rarely-meiitioiicd appellation of
the King, or his father, or the Aten-name of some other
member
p.
411)
of
the Royal
s\ii)iX).sos it
to
1)0
fimiily.
a temple.
in the fourtli eoliniin of the left
erroi- (ef.
Breasted [Records,
Tiie writing of the
jaml) (PI. iv.)
the muddied spelling of Title H im the
is
a
rij^dit
II.,
Imt
;
Egyptian
not
.so
may
su.spect that this
far
different
His degradation
his downfall.
was even more swift and absolute than
If the
names both of
and
his father
his rise.
mother
his
now sought
were of no ticcount, the King
his out altogether
from the book of
to blot
We
life.
cannot wonder, as we read May's lavish expres-
Akhenaten took
sions of gratitude, that
care to erase this biography, lest
the
more pleasure
restore his
name
has been
to history.
May had
Akhetaten, but
outside
It
May's enemies and
to baffle
It is interesting to find that
offices
special
should stand
it
as a satire on the favour of kings.
it
is
special
of course
precisely in Ileliopolis that the jurisdiction
the sun-worshipping
Our
accepted.
capital
be
is little
rash
King would be most
country from
of the
advanced, therefore
from
conclude
to
palace of Akhenaten
in
<
;
for it
the
that
Mi
the
t<>
new
the
mention
the
of
readily
desire for information as
administration
would
of a
King at
times resided there.
The depiction
shows that
it
of three princesses in the
coukl
the downfall
not
have been
tomb
iu.scribed
seventh year of Akhenaten, and
earlier than the
immediately.
'
princes
from our own but that we
contact
times the most
duties that he
its
not
and,
disgrace
into
The post of Acting Scribe
with the King.
the
to find in his
origin the greater
^lay glories in the fact that
probably
was a cause of
perhaps only repeat
May
and
(jffice
with
associates
sentiment was
the King.
to
matter for pride,
now
the works of the Kinn'.
all
re(;ruits.
Bearer of the fan on the right hand of
12.
was wont
official
whereas he had formerly begged his bread he
In.
(
The Egyptian
rapid rise from low
temple of Ra
cattle of the
tlie
'
*'i
May probably
It is pos.sible
occurred almost
that he
ceeded
in
Rames
or Paatenemheb, as Overseer
his office of
Overseer of
was suc-
.soldiery
bv
of works
by Tutu, as Faubearer by Ahmes, and that his
honours as Erpa Ihi Prince and Royal Chancellor fell to
Nckhtpaaten.
name
But our knowledge of
serilial
the iidministration of Hgvpt
jand)).
aii\thiiig
liiit
surmi.sc.
is all
too meagre for
CHAPTER
II.
THE TOMB OF ANY
The
tomb (No. 23)
position of this
learnt from the
leads to
it
map
from the
(IV.,
river,
opened
howM. Barsanti
and other toml^s of the Necropolis.^
cleared this
The tomb
broad road
It was,
1891, when
till
differs
appearance from
in
all
and
even in type from most others in the southern
and by
group,
corridor
greater
its
tombs of the N.
similarity
group
hint, confirmed elsewhere, of
its
the
to
gives
it
Even
be
marking out the spot
as the site of an important tomb.
ever, not
will best
A
xiii.).
^111
a
later position
in the series.
so,
the architect was not able to do mure
than indicate
was
it
how
pleasing was the design which
As
his intention to carry out.
the exterior
it
stands,
only a rough-hewn sketch which
is
must complete. The tomb being
the imagination
set in a hill of very gradual slope, the approach
was never
by a long
One reaches the tomb
in a somewhat narrow
excavated.'^
flight of steps
that the fagade
cutting, so
oround area and
robbed of a great deal of
is
The
eff"ectivenes8.
an under-
in
lies
jjortico
usual type, extending
was not
its
to be of the
the frontage and
across
shading the door, but took the form of porches
Architectdral Features.
A.
(Plates
Exterior.
—The
though
is
to
many
uniijue
struction, all tending to tasteful finish
tectural
tion,
the
of con-
and
provision
The greatest innovarock tombs in Eoypt, is
in
of a
portico
as in temple architecture,
in particular set
in this respect, it is
outside.
As
this
and the palace at El
an example of luxury
not to be wondered at that
the Egyptians de.sired to furni.sh their " houses
yet
the
speak,
Al-
only touched
intentions just
Imilder's
plain that the
it is
column which supports
the corniced architraves on either side was to be
the only one, being lialauced, no doubt, by a
pilaster of the usual
it
also.
But the labour
in-
volved rarely permitted this in the case of rock
tombs, and Any was able to gratify his finer
tastes only
by restraining
his amliitions in point
and complexity.
form
narrow width of the
in the rock- wall.
hall inside
breadth outside.
and
excavation
floor
uneven
but
the
of
state
is
are
The walls
left
in
the
which marks an abandoned enter-
in the wall
under the portico on the
right will be seen three
there
The
would not have
justified a greater
prise,
of eternity" with
rounded niches, and
a similar one nn the
left.
These niches
contained votive tablets of stone dedicated to
Any by
still
in
his household,
place
when
which fortunately were
the
tomb was
cleared,
M. Daressy
published the texts in the fifteenth volume
of the Recueil, pp. 42-45, and the whole tomb has been
'
is
emerging from the living rock l)elow and around,
archi-
convenience was well known in domestic as well
of size
to
they were
decorativeness.
and one rare
Amarna
so
in,
details
this architectural feature
the
in
if
more extended colonnade.
the ends of a
viii., xi.)
tomb
Necropolis in regard
on either side of the doorway, as
included
pp. 49-DG.
in
Mov.
<hi
Cnltr
d'Atonou.
Pis.
.x.tv.-xxix.,
-
The
slope of the
hill
ccmtiiiues far
the plan, so that an approach at the
been quite
feasible,
beyond the limit of
would have
floor level
and was no doubt contemplated.
THE TOMB OF
and arc now, with two others,
in
Cairo
thi-
The
fashioned on the
when
Museum.'
which
portal,
of the usual form, has
is
customary scenes and inscriptions
also tlie
ANY.
;
but
the wall, so as to admit of the door being thrown
King and Queen,
back.
tints
Atcn on
offering to
table, is
On
ducing.
vases
sceptres
The
(?).
on
;
The door jambs
globular
left,
Queen and of the
fairly well preserved.
still
not occupied
arc
but simply
petitions,
the
faces of the
youngest princess are
repro-
King and Queen
the right hand the
kherp
offer
side of a central altar-
eacli
too weather-worn to be worth
a
l>y
Ijy
burial
of
salutation
the
regnant powers, divine and human, three times
repeated on cither side in
(Plate
xi.
;
cartouches of Aten
Beneath
14).
p.
incised
The
xxxv.).
cf. I.,
later
The
figures are
Any
On
the right band (Plate xx.)
enters, carrying staff
with sandals, as
in the sunshine
he had just been for a
if
the
the text inscribed in front of him
befits
wlii(-h
It is a recension of the Shorter
black ink.
in
Hymn
hieroglyphs
lines
the
to the Aten, but the
The personal ending
obliterated.'^
is
hymn
as follows
is
untouched
(For trans-
most pleasing
regards mural
finish
respects,
and
the ceiling
with
its
in
bright
in other
cornice
under
portal of the shrine,
tlic
of blue, green, blue, red,
l)ars
in
shrine,
its
too,
is
sufficiently
decoration on the iliirknrss
'J'he
h
^_^^J"^^||^
King,
the
whom
^
/
ft
iiis
whom
liis
the Lord of the
liounty,
Inid
the
h)ves.
Two Lands (^)
who has reached
l.iird
llie
Offering
<if
Taiih'
liie
i>\'
Two
Atru
Lands, S<Tibe of the
for
the Aten in
house of King Aa-kheperu-ra, Any,
toniks
is
again shown in
to the northern
the full-sized figures
of the deceased which occupy the walls
the right, strangely enough, being
as
entering,
ward.
while
tiuit
The whole
wash, and
the
wall
on the
is
pictures
laid
are
border of blue and red bands
left
;
tiiat
on
represented
faces out-
out in
yellow
surrounded by a
;
in
a good burial, says
the
.\khctaten.' Steward of the
out
.Vffinity
favourite
created by
the blessed reward
of the walls has lieen hastily yet neatly carried
crude colours.
/
'-The intimate of
temple of .Vtea
in
^
by the favour of the King, the acting scrilie of
the King beloved by him. Scribe of the Altar
of
perfect to create a true impression.
Entrance. —
/w^
decoration, yet a
the
particular
user
£i
r\
eflect,
gives an air of gaiety to the hall (Plate xx.).
The statue
A
almost
left
was given to the tomli
.•uul
to
:
U
corridor to which the portal
creates a
a.s
complete
upper part of the
on both sides are the
though the tomb had to be
for
however, he stands
left,
with upraised hands adoring the sun, an attitude
lation, see p. 17.)
gives entrance
stroll
and plucked some Howers on the
On
bank.
river
and nosegay and shod
adopted here (cf IV.,
is
this
—The
red, the flesh
solid
in
showing faintly when under only one thick-
ness of raiment.
form of the
prayers and praying figures of Any.
Interior.
The
outlined.
enclosed space on the right occupies only half
followed by three princesses and by attendants,
the lintel, which showed the
receive the door-bolt
to
left,
being also neatly
shot,
(it)."
What
is
with
ble.ssed
legible of a
short biographical notice in front of .\ny on ihe
opposite wall adds nothing to
On
has been scratched roughly in the plaster
fiiiure
with
this.
the vacant space on the right-hand wall a
many
strokes of a sharp point (Plate
xi.).
the square hole
'^
For text and translation .sw Vol. TV.. Plates
and pp. 28, 29.
xzxii.,
xxxiii.,
'
See
Ix^low.
•'
This
may
he the
buiiiiiiig iiieiiiiiiiiod in
I.,
\xx. (p. 3G).
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
for this, like other
Any,
It evidently represents
well-preserved profiles of Any, shows a peculiarity which may have been a consequence of
age
—a
falling
tiehtenino; of
a
namely, of the upper
in,
on the
it
The
teeth.
or
lip
artist
apparently wished to practise Any's portrait or
to leave
The
ceiling has been squared out in readiness
(JoRRiDOR (Plate XX.).
no
finished,
trace
The hollow
them.
The shrine
with the rock dais
filled
which the chair of the deceased
(.>n
is
almost
is
guarded
by a
in front
rounded moulding between
finished on top with a
edgings, and
This
is set.
parapet neatly
little
reached by a flight of four
is
Despite the capital preservation
shallow steps.
of the tomlj, the statue has suffered considerable
to receiv(> a pattern.
well
with the series of cartouches in the centre,
while columns of text occupied the jambs.
flat
as a guide to the decorators.
it
lintel
—Though
the walls are
of design
found on
is
bright with colour,
cornice,
damage.
however,
It retains,
and depicts Any
in full
wig
general form,
its
sitting in a chair
with his feet on a high footstool.
which runs along the sides under the ceiling
itself
in
is
This
very decorative.
present besides only in
Tomb
feature
is
Scenes.
B.
With us the
21.
(Plates
cornice
is
l)ut to the
Egyptian
it
projects a little
it
beyond the spring of the slightly vaulted ceiling,
as if to suggest that the latter
resting on
was
a light
canopy
Burial-Shaft.— No chaml)er other than the
shrine being provided, the place of interment was
A
in the floor of
the corridor.
door in the further wall of the pit admits to a
roomy chamber under the
shrine,
on the left-hand
a second pit ov shaft,
(NE.) side of which is
capable of being covered with
remaining
in this did
The sand
slabs.
not permit
me
In the back wall two
depth.
its
the shrine on either side
of
walls
in red paint)
is
to ascertain
little recesses
On
feet.
to the spirit of the deceased.
There
is
one also
portal to
this is of the
usual
leading from the outer
air.
It was decorated, but only in ink, and this has
so faded
his
that
prayers
we can only
were
to occupy
see
the
that
Any and
ends of the
helps himself from a
table piled with provisions, while Meryra appears
to
be
reciting
On
efficacy
by a
the formula? which
the right wall
him
presents
his
Any
ladv, and holds the baton of
with
is
give
them
accompanied
office.
Meryra
ointment
of
many
(!'),
a prayer for
above
inscriptions
both
unfortunately almost indecipherable
the fi'ao'ments
(For
is
:
exhibited, having been secured
difficulty, are offered
reserve.
recipient
a
cruse
act with
The
happiness.
with great
on either side of the entrance to the chamber.^
Any
the left wall
s(-enes are
if
mainly
by a more skilful hand in red line.
In ea(_-h case Any, seated on a chair, receives
oflerings at the hand of one of his servants
named Meryra. A mat is spread lieneath his
to serve this purpose either to the excavators or
corniced type, as
is
very rough, and has been much
accompanying the
— The
The sketch (which
priate to the place.
are cut which have evidently been used to set
lamps or candles in, and were probably intended
Shrine.
are
decorated in colour in a very simple way, appro-
corrected
solid walls.
from a shaft
The
was known rather as a
Here
form of wall-coping.
I'eached
ix., x.)
a familiar feature of house decoration,
translations see
with as
much
17.)
The
p.
described as " the Scribe of the King,
l»eloved of his lord, [Scribe of the altar-table of]
the Aten, Scribe of the altar of
of the
.
.
works of the Lord of the
.
[Overseer]
Two Lands
in Akhetaten, [Steward of the] House of Aa1
Probably the chamber was used for later interments,
(he original burial having been disturbed to
make room
kheperu-ra,
for
them, for nothing of the burial equipment was found hy
the French excavators, if we may judge by their silence.
in peace."
(Plate X.)
who
giveth
life.
Any, maakheru
.
.
.
The lady who stands behind Any
apparently survived him, for we read.
THE TOMB OF ANY.
"[His wife(?)] the lady of the house
... he
says
ordered
for thee
(?)
A
(?),
.
.
.,
thy house of
The
Personal.
six stelae reproduced
were found
xxiii.,
by M. Barsanti
cleared
records
They
show.
interest,
and
on Plates
xxi., xxii.,
tomb when
this
in
in 1891,' as the
of very
are
it
was
Museum
exceptional
no others have been forth-
since
we may suppose that Any
coming on
especially deserved, and in marked measure won,
the regard of his servants or friends. The donors
site
tliis
That Any's
prol)ably in his
exception of his brother,
own
who
The death of Any probably did not take place
before the abandonment of the necropolis, for
new form
the
monuments seem
would be the
U>
all
expression, though
lie
The
little
upon them
may
is
find the characteristic facial
man reproduced with
From this we gather
features of the dead
all.
It accords
life.
that no other grave of the
The
follows
On
his brother
A
banned name.
officials
the left
A man
works,
to his
of Steward of the
title
House of
and the
office
might possibly con-
tinue, or even begin, after the king's death, there
is
no reastm wliy .Any should not have seen four
kings on the throne of Egypt, m-
why one
'
M. Dakessy in his account {Becueil, xv., pp.
knows of only five. That of (Ptiih)may ho reports
been found
in the ilehnu, implyin;,' that th>'
discovered in
tlieir
the
Z., 189(), pp.
M. Lacau
Museum, and
indebted to
in
photographed for
Stkiniiorfp
niches.
with these four in A.
this
63-60.
for discovering the
to
sliould
44, 45)
to have
other four were
ha.s
I
two
dealt
am
fully
greatly
lost stelae
'
(Plate
sits in
.\.\i.).
a high-backed chair placed upon
garb who presents hiui with a bouquet
by the inscription below: "The Overseer of
in official's
identified
Pakha C^K^
His prayer
u
"^^ 1
"^^,1) "'«a*'"'™. made(it)."«
is
/S/i/WVA
f
o
III
^-?ji,n^'^
*M1
C)
•
(2
>(0
(')
^ See Leorain in Mon. du Culte eFAtonou, pp. S3, 54.
The cartouche occurs also, I think, on a fragment from
A fragAkheiiaten's temple at Karnak (Cairo Museum).
ment from El Amarna depicted by Wileinson in his
Mdihrn Egypt, II., p. 69, shows Akhenat<>n olTering to
Aten, and describes the gml as dwelling
the house of
in
the midst of
King Men-kheperu-ra (Thothmes IV.)
house of .Vten in Akhetaten.
If this is correct,
admit a house of his predecessor
shrines (1) may have U'en.
III
it
in the
is
easy
also, what<>ver those
^ No. 29745 in the Museum Journal.
Inscriln-d " (ii-otte
No. 24, Hag Candil. 26.10.91." Height, 41 cm. breadth,
27 cm. This and the following stela, from their size, seem
.'^t«indorl^
to have come from tlie niches in the W. [Mirch.
the Syrian."
.Von. du Ctille
re.ids the name as Pa-kharu,
:
'•
d'Atoiiim, PI. xxvi.
Rrugsch Bey for having them
work.
Any
His right hand holds a napkin or sash, his left is
upon a b;isket of provisions which stands before him.
Any, " blessed with goodly burial," is given his usual titles.
that
further evidence of Any's age
Pakha
laid
of Akhetaten
Ptahmay clung
above are as
a mat.
is
King Aa-kheperu-ra. As the reign of that king
(Amenhetep 11.) would only carry us back about
fifty years,
or previous
:
Stela of
such
with this
six votive stelae referred to
gives such sure indications of having been occu-
that of his
His
Votive Stelae.
D.
an old man, and had joined Akhen-
aten's enterpi'ise late in
is
part Uy be engraved.
Of his relationships
part.
we kiujw nothing.
his
career
the outcome of a
This impression
a difi'erent category.
and that
is
which
on
dedicates one of
that of the charioteer
deepened when we
pied,
outer door-jambs,
need not have entailed any great activity
1.
care
first
Aten
cartouches of
the
the
offices
which sought some means of
o-enuine affection
Any was
of
on
seen
already
with the
service,
the least pretentious of the stones.
fall in
doulitful."
been for the most part small
appear to have
officials,
name whose
more than
is
life should extend so far back beyond days when
Egypt was troubled by religious schism would be a
new reason for the esteem in which he was held.
eternity.
C.
search after other Royal persons of this
existence
Apparently Pakha seta maakhfru, "nrllg," after his name
devout anticipation of his own day of death.
*
in
C
THE BOCK TOMBS OF EL AJIAENA.
10
me
Ra
see
to
Stela of
On
'.
The
scribe
holding his papyrus
was said
it
We
are permitted to see the noble
for,
in
a second scene, Nebwawi
'
:
^.
1
Bring
it
it.'
when he drove along the cleared road from the city to this
tomb which was being prepared for him by the order of the
forward, gay
broad collar round
never be executed,
decoration,
beast for ourselves
leads
with lotus flowers attached to a
not unlikely that Any, having
and there is, in fact, a little space of this shape
marked out in ink low down in the centre of the righthand wall of the corridor. It may have been intended,
therefore, to set the stela up at this point. Never probably
had the aged Any had happier moments in his later
years than those which he or Thay here commemorates,
Nebwawi, dressed
says to him
roll,
^ ,1
which
as to
o.x
it is
caused this charming stela to be made as a provisional
seen standing on the right
is
.^3-
Behold the
and
a just foreboding that these would
(Plate xxi.).
Any
the upper half
^
such as would suitably form a scene on the
is
walls of the tomb,
Nebwawi^
very simply, and
'
The subject
sayest."
with stafT and handkerchief.
a
devoted to him by any of his servants, though naming and
depicting " the charioteer of the Royal Scribe Any, Thay."
breezes.
what thou
2.
A
May he
bouquet of the Aten.
Jlay he knit thy limbs. Mayest thou
whenever he rises and adore him, and may he listen
Unto thy Ka
"
give to
its
King.
neck.
ii
I
'
G
saith
We
'
:
(?)
The
conical cap
scribe
have seen the good things which
Any-men
-
I
in
is
(]
being driven in his
^
[]
is
*''^'=
,
The
costume.
gala
full
on his long wig, a ring
is
"
(|f)
in his ear, five
His face gives a most life-like impression,
his arms.
and corresponds exactly to the other profiles which we
The head of Thay is probably also modelletl from
have.
adorn
He
has ordered for him a goodly burial in Akhetaten.'
Stela of
U 1"^
Any
golden collars hang on his neck, and armlets and bracelets
•
the good ruler has done to his Scribe of the Altar.
.'5.
represents
Any
Thay."
charioteer
A
Nebwawi
monument
little
pair-horsed chariot by
f4
III
(5
The
I
(Plate xxii.).
with more or
life
less exactness.
The
inscription informs
us
The servant Any-men made
'
for
(it)
w=
the
n
I
1
I
I
II
Royal Scribe Any."
On
7^
Any
on a folding stool over which a
skin is stretched as a seat. Behind him is the latticed
door of the shrine in his tomb, and in front of him a table
Any-men extends to his
spread with viands and flowers.
Any, maakheru,"
master a large jar " for the fc« of
the
left
.
/W^AA^
saying,
:
.
"
.^
Thay
^
Unlike the other
the maintenance
of
.
and
lea
of
makes no contribution to
Any, nor is it expressly
is
1
No. 29746,
Inscribed as above.
Height, 42 5 cm.
preserved, as well as the gold leaf which
overlaid
the collar, armlets and
has evidently been attempted.
Portraiture
bracelets.
Mon. du Culte d'Atonou,
PI. xxvi.
^
Same
No. 29748.
23' 5 cm.
An
condition.
It
of the car
hail'
and
Height, 27 cm.
little
stela
;
The horses are red, as are
The flesh is
of the bow-case.
and eye black.
O
Scribe, etc..
Any,
in peace with the favour of the
me
goodly burial, and grants that I
sits
.
May (Ptahmay 1).*
on a chair on the
A table of
kerchief.
being addressed
.
,
.
.
(I
provisions
is
him and he
before
by
ill
I
May,^
Plate xxiii.
holding a kherp baton
left,
"
who
carries a scribe's roll
and
AAAA^A
(SIC)
O ©
*
No.
29749.
lower scene,
^
The
if it
Same
docket.
Mon. du Culte d'Atonou,
PI.
has lost
stela
its
signs before the
name have been
(^~
erased.
(1(1)
One
"Ptahmay."
and Any's
The word " Ptah " would no doubt account for an era,sure.
This name is common at Memphis, whence many of
Akhenaten's craftsmen would be sure to come, and there
are men of this name whose relations bear names so well
xxv.
known
in
perfect
also the panels
red,
The
had one.
breadth,
coloured yellow, and has a blue rim and
blue hieroglyphs.
J
come
would say that they had read ° §
docket.
exquisitely- worked
is
2?
;
the colour
is still
^S
•
breadth, 23 cm.
No. 29747.
1
AAAAA^
prays
Mon. du Culte d'Atonou, PL xxv.
Docketed as above. Height, 27 cm.
The little stela is carefully worked, and
-
...
Stela of
5.
Any
stelae, this
I
'
orders for
his brother
breadth, 28 cm.
T
reach the guerdon (of the dead) in peace.'
Let wine be poured
(Plate xxii.).
the
who
King,
out for thee."
Stela of
III
'The Royal
maakheru, (says)
D
4.
I
sits
at El
Amarna
as to ofier tempting identifications,
THE TOMB OF
"May
there be
beer, oxen, fowl
made
for thee a dij lietep selen of bread,
aad a libation of wine and milk."
the two brothers are much alike, but the
The faces of
work is less careful.
ANY.
Stela of
6.
I
Any
his
11
Ay =
(Plate
xxiii.).
on the left before a small stand with flowers,
resting on a footstool.
The stela was devoted
sits
feet
who
\
shown presenting a bouquet
especially
Ptahmay, father
670
ib.
;
also
jumps the
2016).
it
identification with the
'
Prima
Pa-aten-em-heb (Lieblein^
Daressy {Eecueil, xv.,
p.
Though " the Scribe May
difficulty.
impossible reading,
of
45) boldly
" is
not an
u
Any.^
to
f
I
Ki^m
of the Aten,
who
Q
(3
t^
i
" (For) thy
Ara
is
.'
A bouquet
(S.
favours and loves thee
would be too hazardous to seek an
owner
of
Tomb
facie " milk of the kin;
mistake for the determinative ^.
-
14.
but the
I
1
must be
No. 29750.
little
stela,
features.
^
Height 23 cm.
but the face of
;
Any
breadth 15 cm.
still
A poor
shows the familiar
Hitherto unpublished.
The reading sdm
'ash
was pioposed
to
me by M. Lacau.
12
CHAPTEE
III.
SMALL OR UNINSCRIBED TOMBS.
In Part IV., Chapter
made on
tions were
of tombs
II.,
some general observa-
the architecture and types
mains to supplement
this
by more
on the tombs separately.
which
tion,
The
starts with the
It
re-
detailed notes
official
enumera-
most northern tomb
of the group, will be followed.'
Tomb
A
cleared only the entrance, as no trace of inscriptions
was
found in the parts which are wont to receive them first.
The cornice outside is destroyed. The floor is still deep in
The
the tomb.
aisle
is,
down
the upper part of
as usual, higher than the rest of
the corridor.
Tomb
7b.
Tomb
This
resembled
{ib.)
Tomb
This
single
and place
more than attacked.
of
is
fac^ade
quite blank of any record.
of the simplest type, the door being set in a
is
hand
the
side
first
but
a shallow burial-pit on the right-
is
found
I
who had
Tomb
This
;
it
cleared
empty, though I appeared to be
it.
(Part IV., Plate xxx.)
9c.
chamber within
similar to the last, but the
is
more than a
slight
But there are
of interment.
plentiful signs here
and slovenly construction, and, as there is an
pile of broken vessels of late date outside, it is
possible that the rough corridor beyond the hall and the
low chamber on the north are later additions. The fac^ade
has suffered greatly, and as there was only a remote chance
of finding a name in ink on the outer jambs, I did not
attempt to remove the mass of sand outside. The door
was blocked up with bricks and stones, and loosely-buOt
walls of stone had been placed to keep the approach clear.
Inside only the upper part is finished.
The columns and
the walls splay out near the gi'ound and almost nieet.Of the four columns only the two of the aisle have been
given any decoration. The sharp rib of the eight imaginary
of haste
enormous
no
fissure.
is reached by a stairway
bvit
been elaborated, this well would have been conrerted into
;
Tomb
Nekht-pa-.\ten.
12.
front.
(Plate xiv.)*
This tomb, which was to have been of the same type as
pleted.
columns and a roughly cut second chamber
is
The
no doubt, had the tomb
enlargement of a natural
door
Tombs 10 and
a much larger tomb, reaching the dignity of a
is
row
The
unfinished inside.
is
an open approach by the removal of the rock-slope in
(Plate xviii.)
7c.
also
(Part IV., Plate xxxiv.)
9d.
This tomb
within as well as without, but the interior
it
little
tomb
shows the usual portal, but
This tomb adjoins the last and \\ould probably have
has been
is
trace
(Part IV., Plate xxx.)
little
Tomb
and
No
is visible.
9.\.
entrance admits there
tomb, of the cross-corridor type, of which I
stone chips removed in trimming
stalks,
rough pit to which two or three steps descend. The front
shows no decoration. In the little chamber to which the
(Part IV., Plate xxxiv.)
7.\.
small
shown between the inserted
is
continued above the sheathing on the capital.^
of inscription
the Southern Necropolis.
in
papyrus stems
13,
has only had
Inside there
is
its fa(;'ade
a small area of
and entrance comand the upper
floor,
parts of three columns have been detached and remain as
Though
square pillars of rock.
this
was but a doorway
a projected tomb, the owner had laid claim to
it
;
to
for those
who excavated it found traces of three columns of hiei'oglyphs
in ink on both jambs outside.^
The first column probably
contained an adoration of the Aten and of Royalty, the
second the prayer, and the third the
titles of
the
official.
I
The second column on the
^^ =^,C^
"
II
A^^,VlA
o
AB
left
ended with
the third
ended with
'
Tills
^^/
^^Ifti/
I
name can hardly be anything but
On the
Above
it is an inset of plaster only.
column the capital was made too short a defect that
was probably rectified by plaster, now fallen away from
^
—
S.
the neck.
'
The map
for positions.
(Ay)
will
in Part IV. (Plate xiii.) should be consulted
Tombs
7
(Parennefer), 8 (Tutu), and 25
be described in Part VI.
Plate xix. will give
some idea of the character of the site.
In consequence, the plan of the walls as given
•^
three feet above lowest floor-level.
is
taken
Having neglected to plan this tomb, I have given here
M. Gautier (Mon. du Citlte d'Aionou, I.,
The scale is jjj, not Jg as marked.
81).
^ Daressy, Becueil, xv., p. 38.
The same spelling, and
*
the sketch plan uf
p.
the inscriptions after the
first sign,
from notes made six months
later.
are confirmed by Petrie
SMALL OR UNINSCRIBED TOMBS.
an erroneous writing for Nekht-pa-aten, though supported
by the corresponding text on the right jamb
No
A/wv^A^
o
owner
Tlie
man of
now
trace of thLs inscription
of
tliis
tlio liighest
®
-^
/y^
il
unprepossessing sepulchre, then, was a
the deplorable quality of the rock at this point.
fortunately the great hall
the fancy to supply what
the tombs,
must have ranked as
complete to allow
Unlike the rest of
lacking.
is
The
faces eastwards.
it
xxiv.)'
it
sufficiently
is
cornice of the outer
and the appi-oach has never been com-
lacking,
portal
is
pletely
hewn through
the rock-slope.
But
as soon as one
enters the hall, blank even of a graffito, but \vith walls as
yet unstained and smooth,of its slender
spaciousness and the grace
its
columns make
aiii])le
One wonders
amends.
at the feverish energy and courage which could, as
if
by
a magic wand, change this spot in the vast dead wilderness
and mystery, and then,
serve any purpose, hasten away to
of rock into a hall of subtle grace
before the
new
toil
could well
enterpriser, as far in motive as in distance
and human needs.
Columnar Hall. The gi-eat hall
world of busy
its
from the
By
14 feet high.
53 feet long, 29
is
setting the
weight.
He
supported
it,
tomb low down,
and could almost
therefore,
on twelve
columns, which by their comparative slimness and free
spacing are more than usually pleasing.
columns of the central
south side of the
The
out.
aisK' (Plate xxiv.)
first cross-aisle
Only the four
and those of the
are in any measure carried
rest are in the state of incompleteness
shown by
two columns in the Section, Plate viii. (cf. Plate xxiv.).
On the more finished columns the inserted bunches of stems
are not separated below the capital, nor divided into three
above
it.'
A
capricious
feature
is
the
introduction of
three ribs on each of the eight stems, thus dividing each
stem into four, a feature which is carried a step further in
Tombs
0,
25,
Wall-decoration. -The breaking up of the extensive wall
is one of the most pleasing elements of the architecture.
The mode was suggested by the need for providing
a shrine or shrines which the deceased, represented by his
surfaces
might occupy at
sitting statue,
These were set
his ease.
provisionally at each end of the first cross-aisle
succeeding
aisles, if
wall of the
main
such were provided
;
and
then in
;
back
in the
Each one
hall or of the further chamber.
was furnished with a corniced door-frame, and in lofty
a superstructure, itself furni.shcd with a cornice, was
added above the door. Hence the wall at both ends of
each
aisle of this
In the nearest
tomb
aisle
is
corniced, yet in different ways.
the cornice
double
is
entablature would have intervened.
a single cornice
set lower
down
probably an
;
In the second there
no door, however,
;
The
"<:.
tablets arc, as usual, so set as to
face the visitor as he WMJks
out.
In the third the single cornice is at the roof,
and the door was to be correspondingly raised and reached
by a little (light of steps, protected by a low ramp. The
door in the back wall also
is
adorned with a double cornice
with intervening open-work, on the ink design of which
latter a beginning has been
made with
diversity of application of the
same feature
and
.succes.sful,
and
it is still
is
is
both striking
further exemplified in the
of the Southern Shrine (Plate
the lower cornice (which
This
the chisel.*
vii..
CJise
Here
Section on AB).
separate and fixed in a rebate)
interrupted over the doorway and
down
the
aisle.
Each
rectangular slab
its
place taken
l)y
Whether
was sculptured or
it
inscribed, or
indeed was
ever supplied, cannot be determined.
Additional Chamueks.
cross-aisle
— The
two shrines
be transformed into sitting statues.
the
the
in
first
contain rough blocks of stone which were
West Door gave entrance
is
The room
The heading
of
Chapter
which should have treated
viii.
of
Mim.
<hi
of this tomb,
is
Cullf
only just begun, but
rietlly
Perhaps the tomb was needed hur-
columns.
clustered
for
burial
for
;
the owner did not
for the
w.iit
inner room to be completed, but excavated a long fiight of
steps in the south-west
completely on
comer
of the hall, which, turning
itself in its descent, cnde<l in
and an unfinished
a small landing
burial chamber, twenty-six feet Ik-Iow
the floor of the hall.
Tomb
This
(Plate
17.
little
of the
xii.)
tomb presents no
interesting feature, except
a layer upon the oripnal
tl'Aloiiiiii,
it, tlie appciuhMJ plan and description being
both borrowed from an entirely dissimilar tomb, No. 13.
But
this is not likely to last, unless the kindly sands
make a home in it.
^ They were divided, but
filled
up wilh
plaster.
;
and
diift .vind.'
the only i)art
applicalile to
again intervene to protect the tomb
t<»
to which
the work done indiwtes a low chamber with slim, thickly-
IKittery lying in
'^
a
the setting for which alone remains.
(?),
that, Iwing ai)parently undisturlx'd, it .showed sherds
'
is
yet
is
hewn
is
the architect gave thickness to the roof
ignore
and
state), roll, cornice,
abacus.
life
—
feet wide,
in .square pilasters, furnished
halls
roek-iiewn Ijurial-places in Egypt, and
finest
columns terminates
—
remains.
and vizier. It miglit bo conjectured that lie was a man of
modest prospects, and, being suddenly ennobled on tlie
downfall of May, astutely profited by that lesson and
avoided ostentation, like Apy and Rames. Most probably
these three officials were deprived of more stately tombs by
one of the
of
with base (generally in a rough
rank, an trpa- and /la-prince, chancellor,
Tomb 16. (Plates vi., vii., viiL,
Had this tomb been completed,
two rows
13
for countless bats
*
We
shall
Tutu, which
''
The
is
small
meet with
{)ot
the divisions were afterwards
of
xiii.).
with a foot and the saucers shown in
Plate xliv. came from this tomb.
have been found
tomb
this decoration in the
of very similar type (Part VI., PI.
in tlie
The
tall
jar
is
said to
excavation of these tombs, having
been preserved since then in the house of a guard. The
picked up on the site.
I
.Ml the above snem
fragments
THE EOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
14
Tomb
(Plate
18.
This tomb
Any
;
Inside, the cross -corridor has been roughly excavated,
xiii.)
of the direct corridor type, like the
is
tomb
Yet simple
but the corridor is of the shortest.
of
as the
and neatly finished off above with a ridge-pole roof,
the back part is still shapeless rock for a third of its height.
So soon as a tomb was within measurable distance of completion, Akhenaten or liis architects seem to have lost all
interest in it.
In this case the shrine which was to be exhall is
cavated at the end of the corridor
is little
better than a hole.
many other cases, an inscription was
jamb of the outer door, and even cut
The lower half, with the name and
and measures have been taken for carrying the hall farther
back, leaving a row of four columns in the centre.
That
the latter were projected is shown in addition by a rough
sketch of a column in red ink on the west wall, 5 feet high.
Tomb
(Plates xvi., xxxv.)
21.
Leaving the little bay of low rock where only unpretentious tombs were admissible, we come to a hall which, if
as usual, a rough approach
written on the
portal
left
for half its length.
titles of
by
the deceased,
translation
is lost
to us, but the rest
is
given on
Tomb]9. SuTAU
wj')
of the
same type
This tomb, which
is
uninscribed, equally with
is
the interior.-
After the cross-corridor had been hewn and shrines with
double-corniced portals set at the ends, the central aisle
A
was run out and a single row of three columns arranged for
and partly detached on either hand. (The greater part of
p. 18.
Q ^i ?
which
is,
through the rock-slope to a
(now injured
contains the opening of the salutations.
thieves)
There
unsightly, affords a unique architectural feature.
Nevertheless, as in so
(Plates xiv.,xv.).
the mass has been removed from behind them on the west
but on the other a beginning only was made under
side,
as the last, but has
The square shape
the ceiliug.)
which allows
of the room,
more incomplete both without and
within, and even the little loculus for burial high up in the
Yet so hopeless
south wall is probably a later provision.
a greater number of columns in the depth than in the
was the owner
arrested at the
first
column, and furnished with a cornice
(Plate XXXV.).
The
effect is in itself pleasing,
a vaulted
roof, is still
of seeing further
progress made, that he
prepared to commemorate himself and his king on the only
hand
showing the Royal Family at
Here on the
finished wall-space in the entrance.
he caused the usual design,
worship, to be traced in ink
;
left
Beneath
this his
name, Sutau, Overseer
translation on p. 17).
his
Tomb
20.
(Plate
The approach
state of the interior.
the
Treasury
xv.
(Plate
;
open court.
This idea
is
supported by the provision of a
an outer
wall.
It
if it were a gateway
would certainly be permissible to
regard this part of the funerary chapel as a colonnaded
court with private rooms opening out of
novelty which his
carried through
The door-framing, however,
the
is
in
it
Tomb 21 was
neighbour Any had
probable that the owner of
corniced portico, and, without
this incompleteness foretells
yet bewilder-
can only give the suggestion of colonnades in an
it
in
figure
adopted
it
as
regarding
an internal feature of
his
;
but
it
is
more
struck with the
provided
its
tomb.
in
his
significance,
The cornice
where the architraves
rest on pilasters of the usual type
but in the aisle it has
not yet been completed past the second column on either
is
carried round to the side walls,
;
and its lintel has received the only effort at decoraNot that even this contion that was made (Plate xv.).
ventional design of the adoration of Aten by the Koyal
order,
The sculptor abandoned it,
and by some caprice of his the figures of the Queen and
her three daughters have lieen omitted on both .sides.' The
one prmcess who is visible is the Queen's sister Mutbenret
family was carried to a
for
;
own
tomb has not been
and
ing
cornice to the entrance on the inside, as
xii.)
to this
to the outer level,
of
It is
but this has now almost
and his prayer
were copied in thick black ink, and this has come down to
us in a fragmentary state, preserving to us little more than
disappeared.
is an innovation for the outer hall (cf. IV., xxxviii.).
more surprising to find the longitudinal architrave
width,
finish.
side.
Tomb
22.
This tomb
liut
(Plates
.\vi., .xvii.,
xxxvi.)
similar in external appearance to the last,
is
the interior conforms to the usual type of columnar hall.
she seems to have been fan-bearer to the Queen, for she
The shape is oblong, admitting two rows of four columns
each.
Of the first row only two are detached and given
their approximate outline.
The rest have only acquired
always carries a fan.
their abaci or are
rock.
be of Eighteenth Dynasty types, but the heaps of sherds
outside the chief tombs appear to be chiefly of quite late
to
forms.
cavators,
These, I suppose, were
thrown out
and were already broken
for
Professor Petrie, in a note, describes
l)y
the ex-
the most part.
Tomb
16 as con-
taining " burials in palm-sticks, coffins, etc.," and this was
also the case doubtless in the other tombs.
Most
of these
still
to be
formed by the removal of the
The ground-plan shows
the cross-corridor
;
little
space cleared beyond
but near the ceiling the central
aisle is
and there the cornice of a door
gives promise of a further room or shrine in the axis.
A fragment of the design has been carried out on the
lintel of the facade, and shows the King, Queen, and three
daughters worshipj-iing Aten, and the Queen's sister in
carried out to its limit,
attendance (Plate
xvi.).
remains were destroyed, I believe, by the excavators but
some probably were taken to Cairo, and may yet be iden;
and dated.
Perhaps three sculptors were engaged on the scene
tified
'
simultaneously.
-
The
visitor will seek in vain for the figure
and text
tomb in Mon. du Ciilte d'Atonou, I., p. 60.
Both come from the tomb of Huya at Et Til (III., xxxvii.).
assigned to this
SMALL OR ININSCUIBEl)
Tomb
Pa-aten-em-heb
24.
(
A^ "^
'
i\
§
Tomb
H
This
only the entrance to a tomb, for
is
it
has progresse<l
Even the approach has not been liewu out, so
that one descends to it by rough steps. It is now destitute
of any recoi'd but, when first excavated, the ends of the
;
columns of inscription, written in ink on the jambs, were
and furnished us with the name of the too sanguine
He was named Pa atcn-em-heb, and was a Royal
visible
owner.
Scribe, Overseer of the soldiery of the
Lands, Steward of the Lord of the
Two
Lord
of the
Two
Lands, and Over-
25a.
(Plate xiv.)
who
This tiny chamber was excavated in 1883, and those
saw
no further.
15
TU.MJiS.
it
in earlier years rep<jrt traces of illegible inscription
on the jambs. The name, however, though written in ink
only on the right jamb at the end of four columns of lost
inscription,
Ls still
almost
On
legible.-
the right
jamb the
upper parts of four columns of the praises of Aten are
partially preserved.
(1) " Life to the divine and sovereign
Father, Horakhti-Aten,
who
gives
life
for ever
and
ever,
"
Aten within the «frf-festival
the Aten (?) Lord of Existence, the Lord who
(2) "
."
brings Eternity, Lord uf Everhisting, who flourishes
the living and great
.
.
.
seer of porters in Akhetaten.'
Tomb
(Plate xviii.)
24a.
This again
is
(
only an entrance to a tomb .md
is
Will -rr
without
inscription.
(4)
'
The
authorities for the insciiption
cMcil, XV.,
p. 47,
p.
45,
column
title
of
Parkssv, Re-
BouRiANT, Mon. du Culle d'Aionou, L,
and notes by Petoie.
and the
art;
51
I
have bungled
my
sketch,
given by M. Dares.sy in the second
each jamb should certainly be accepted.
" Praise to thee,
with thy rays
On
1A°1
O living Aten who illuminest
D
{P)
heaven
and on a fragment fallen from it, is found
scene.
The King, Queen, and three
I
princesses were adoring Aten from behind altar-stJinds.
did not clear the chamber anew.
the
lintel,
part of the usual
The
was sculptured, according to Petrie. The last
title is likely to be a misreading for "Overseer of works,"
but compare IIT., pp. 8, 9.
(?)
"
(?)
inscription
It seems to read
or something similar.
16
CHAPTEE
IV.
THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS.
As
divide
befoi'L', 1
— those placed
prayers iuto two classes
tlii'se
mouth
iu the
of the deceased,
and
(who) administers the land for Hiui who
sden type displayed
Jietep
on the door-jarabs or the ceiling in short
for-
rises
(8)
is
visitors for the benefit of the spirit.
on the horizon each morning.
"(When) his son presents Truth-
thee and thou hast granted to him (tu be) a King like the
Previous notices are
ii.)
;
a translation by
Mon. du Culte d'Atomou, PI. xxxiii.
Breasted from his own copy, Becords, ii., p. 412.
" An adoration of Horakhti-Aten, who gives life for ever
;
and
Truth, Lord of the
South and North, who li\'es in
Lands, N., ("2) the Son of the Sun, who
King
ever, (of the)
Two
of
Diadems, A., great in his duration,
(and of the) chief wife of the King, whom he loves, Lady
lives in Truth,
of the
Two
Lord
of
who
Land.s, rich in love, N.,
and
lives for ever
ever.
Thy
rising
who
living Aten,
is
beautiful on the horizon of heaven,
dispensest
life
Thou
beauty.
Two Lands
embrace
rays, they (4)
for thy
lands, to the extent of all that thou hast
as the sun
thou bringest
;
with thy
above
art bi-ight, great, gleaming, high
As
the earth.
tlieir
O
Shining on the eastern
!
horizon of heaven, thou fiUest the
sum
'
(all ?)
"Thy
Thou art
them
made.
and
sulijectest
Thou
eternity. (5)
duration and thy years
Aten
like the
N.,
—him thy
him thy
givest to
thou hearkenest for him to
;
in his heart (because) thou lovest
child, the
who proceeded from thy
Men
comely
is
He
saith
I
'
(am) a servant
Lord
rejoiceth at
the
number
He
it.
my
King
rays.
;
rejoice to see her beauty.
she
is
for thee
She
is
adorned and
;
the Aten dawns in her and
Her
fills
extent
beloved, a
Son
of Eternity,
who
?)
embraces
is
I
am
me my
the
Alliteration of
'
sun
'
his Son, his
proceeds from Aten, and
(Ra) with
'
sum
'
favours like
first of
the elders,
My lord promotes me Ijecause
— my
;
I
my
sapient hke
lord,
!
(12) he
who hearkens
to thy teaching
me
fair buiial as a gift of
tomb which thou commandest
(in) the cliff of
for
me
thy bounty
to repose there
Akhetaten, (13) the seat of the
elect.
multitude of Niles, pouring forth waters daily, N.,
he
(?)
!
causest
ceasingly.
Eternity
!
O
thou multitude of prayers
prospers
him that
O thou
my god,
me and by whose bounty I live
me to be content in following thee
f) thou whom Aten bare,
thou art
(14)
created
Thou
all
who
follows thee
!
(15)
(?),
Ua-en-ra,
Thou
unto
how
shalt gi-ant to
Then
mouth holds
that he doeth abide eternally. (16)
shall his lord give
him
(?)
burial (17)
;
(for) his
truth."
Or
"ofiierings."
But the
spiritual oblation
have been typified by a votive tablet (IV.,
the reference
may
be to
(ra).
family.
See note,
p. 5.
seems to
p. 19),
so that
this.
Probably the residence of some member
1
my
!
-
(So also) he (" his heart "
is
her with
his rays.
(7) "
falsehood
;
he be made content by the sight of thee and
reach old age
" Do thou give to
South and North,
made
May
fostered liim,
Lands, serviceable to
hearken to his voice unceasingly
I
How prosperous
of Life.
of
seen as a glimpse into heaven.
not compassed
'
him who
multiplies towards
Aten, contented with truth
"
has
,
inward parts
eyes see thy beauty day by day
who
He
.
that the Son of the Aten, N.,
of the sand-grains.
do his teaching.
of
Two
of the
know
loathing, (10) for I
that
all
Royal
/tn-priuce,
.
Lands, Overseer of the House of
I set truth in
his lord.
thou makest him
Akhetaten, (a city) very rich (6) in love, possessing favouri
abounding in wealth, within which is the bounty of the
sun.
"
punctilious for the
;
him
life
Sehetep-Aten,^ [May].
in the
rays are on thy bright image, the Ruler of Truth
who proceeded from
and
crpa-prince
Two
the Lord of the
all
the
to thy beloved Son.
is
hereditary
the chief of the Bel-hjt. (11)
(3) "
there be
Chancellor and Sole Companion, (9)
acting Scrilje of
the King, beloved of him. Commandant of the soldiery of
.
D.\kessy, Rrcueil, xv., pp. 38-9
:
May
!
"The
(Plato
Tliickness.
to thy fair face, there
lookest on him, for he proceeded from
Aten, (he) Nefer-kheperu-ra-Ua-en-ra.
and health such as the Aten (has)
Prayers by the Deceased.
North
May.
1.
Thou
rejoicing.
rising.
They
Aten when he
his
to the
Jca,
him on His
set
Him who made
to
at
festival
assemble, making ofl'erings to his
by
mulas, with a view to convenient recitation
A.
Every land makes
him.
those prayers of the dy
and makes the land belong
throne,
of the
Royal
THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS.
North Thickness (Plate xv.).
Mov. du Culte d'Atunou, PI.
Sutau.
2.
Previous copy
"
(9)
each generation that
Ua-en-ra
Do
('().
.
.
.
.
(
10)
thou grant to
Two
Son
Land.s, N., (12)
of the Sun, A., [great in his
whom
and the chief wife of the King,
duration,]
ho
.
.
(14) by thy bounty,
(?)]
me and
though
building
me
was
I
up,
O
no account,
of
Ruler
Thou
!
.
.
[en-
settest
me (l.")) at the head of the
daily with workmen
exceedingly [numerous (?)],'- (16) saying
unto me
Do (?)
.so that (when)
1 call to
"
The servant and agent
ten,
6.
Any.
who-is-great-in-his-duration, (18) the King's [Keeper
man
a courageous
(?),
(?)]
.
since thou art one of
the
King has ordered
(?)
for thee goodly burial (in) the cliff of Akhetaten, [and a
mansion
thy ka.
of] eternity
"
(?)
which thou
in
servant and
the
Scribe
thy shrine for
art,
agent
°
the Royal
of
Any, maakheru, Meryra."
gums, (21)
(22)
the
(?),
Two
Burial Petitions.
B.
I.May.
(19)
Left Jamb.
(Plate i v.)
Previous copies of both jambs
PI. x.xxi.
Col.
Lands,
Daressv, Reauil,
;
[Adoi-ation
1.
of
Mon. du Cultf d'Atonou,
:
xv., p. 41.
Horakhti-Aten,
King and
the
Queen.]
Sutau."
Left Door Janil).
Any.
Col.
(Plait; xi.)
Previous copy of the Jambs
:
Mim. du Culte d'Atonou,
PI. xxvii.
" Praise to thee,
When
living
he dawns
all
hajipy with the sight of
Ateu, lord of rays. Creator of
men
May
he grant a
life
and good burial
in
live.
his beauty,
"
2.
[A dy
hetep seten of the Aten, living
dwelling in the
serf-festival,
illuminates the
Two
Lord
May
Lands.
and
great,]
heaven and earth, who
of
he grant that
see hLs
1
beauty day by day and that his rays be spread upon
my
body.
"For the ka of one who greatly gratifies his lord one
whom all manner of wt)rds are sjiid that he may lay
them before the Lord of the Two Lands Bearer of the
Fan on the right hand of the King, Acting Scribe of the
;
to
Akhetaten.
"For the lea of
Any, maakhvru."
Any.
the Scribe of the King, the Steward
Right Door Jamb.
" Praise to thee,
O
living
(Plato
who
;
King, lieloved by him, May, maakheru."
xi.)
Aten, lord of duration, who
givest repetition (of Life), lord of Fate,
fosterest
....
....
May he grant a sight of Aten as often as he rise.s,
and that thou adore him. May ho listen to what thou
sayest and give thee breezes to thy nostril.^
" For the ka of the Scribe of the King, the Scribe of the
Altar of the Lord of the Two Lands, the Steward Any,
Col.
Any. Shrine. Left W.ill. (Plato ix.)
" Mayest thou receive offerings * [of the King's
every shrine of thine,
[at]
[in the abode]
which thou
gift (?)]
that thy
lovest(?).
[A
dij
Lord
name
May
hetep seten of the ka of the King, living
of the
Two
Lands, N.,
who
gives life for
ever.
"May
demesne
"
For
he grant good
of
buri;il
the ka of
the
unique
presence of the Lord of the
Two
one,
"
[A dy
lives in Truth,
May
Two
in the
of
k<i
who
in
the
fills
the
of the soldiery of
Lands, Acting Scribe,
hclep seten of the
Lord
excellent
Lands, one
Horus with Truth, the Overseer
Col. 4.
"
by command of his ka
Akhetaten.
the Lord of the
5.
flourish
"
.'5.
in Truth],
ears of
maakhcru."
may
(Plate x.)
wall.
.
thy favourite handservant
Overseer of the Treasury of the Lord of the
i.
Right
Shrine.
•
.
of silver, gold, unguents, (20) oils,
light.
«i<i«-
((
answer (thou) at (17) the order.' O Ruler
.... production (?). Thou madest me Overseer of the
Treasury of the Lord of the Two Lands, Servant of Him-
.3.
Royal Scribe Any,
of the
'
:
one of
May
[address thee".
kheru, Meryra."
loves,
who lives for ever and ever.
(13) "The Overseer of the Treasury, [Sutau, says]
my lord(?), who made me into a man. Thou fosterest
larging
(?)
thy beer of thy [house], wine of the hou.se (?) which has
been oflered in the Presence and [water] from thv sluice (?).
Nofertiti,
me
come
to
'•"
me (?) my
eyes to see thee (11)
those who hear thy voice (?),
the King of the South and North, who lives in Truth, Lord
of the
is
thy name not be to seek [in thy house], since thou art a
son [to whom is made (?)] a. dy lietep selen of thy bread and
x.xx.i
:
serviceable to the Father
17
etc.''
of the King,
Diadems, A.], great
who
in his duration.
he grant ingress and exit in the King's house,
with favour of the good god, until the coming of the goodly
guerdon.
>
Daressy, Becuetl,
Cf.
may be
I
^
I
£)
"For
omitted
I., p.
Emend
in
the plate.
See
Mon. du Culte
the Acting
Scribe, etc."
52.
to
'•'
C'umiiarc
111., xx.,
a very similar
(cf.
Or "in which ihuu
Plate
X.).
prayer, by help of which wi- are able to elicit the meaning
of this
him whom the King promoted for his
success mode his pasitiim,
the Overseer of the House of Sehetep-Aten,
is
n
*
the ka of
excellent achievements, whose
conjectured.
I
I
d'Atonou,
xv., p. 50.
fragmentary text.
«
Read v>^
^
art.
May
there be
mode
for thee
"
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMABNA.
18
Col. 5. "
whom
he
May
hetep selen of the Chief "Wife of the King,]
(ly
Lady
loves,
and
for ever
"
[A
Two
of the
Lauds, Nefertiti, living
she gi'ant her favour firm and fixed and that the
Scribe, etc."
Right Jamb.
May.
Col.
1
(Plate iv.)
are as on the
left
" ]Mav
Col. 2.
Two
"For
he grant a sluice
'
water and a scent of
of
in the presence of the Lord
Jca
advanced in
good god, one
the favourite of the
of
office
in
the King's house,
of
Bearei-
the
Fan, etc."
Col. 3. "
May
he grant
life,
prosperity and health, and
readiness in the presence of the Lord of the
and a
life
"
For the ka
a noble by
-
Two
of the beauty
happy with the sight
(recurring) sun
Lands,
of each
without intermission.
the heart
is gratified,
Overseer of the
4.
"
May
he grant happy recollection
the King's house and continuance
in
the
(of
him) in
mouth
of his
"
For the ka
one
of the unique one,
whom
Overseei' of the
North Column.
"
Overseer of
4.
[works]
of the
(?)
Tomb
For the ka
'•
in
Lord
all
of the
Left Jamb.
18.
of
[the
land].
Two Lands (?), May."
(Plate
xiii.)
Copy by Boueiant, Mission Fran^aise, i., p. 368.-'
Col. 1.
"Life to the Divine and Sovereign Father,
."
Horakhti- Aten
.
Col.
.
.
" Praise to
2.
•
thy
ka,
O
living Aten, according to
that which thy son says to thee
;
he who proceeded from
."
thy body, thy child who knows thee and extols thee
"
who
(art)
Praise to thy ka, O Ruler of Truth
Col. 3.
eternal like Aten, thriving and living and conducting^
Aten has given
Col. 4. " Praise to thy ka,
O
birth
.
.
.
^
Ua-en-ra in On, [Acting Scribe,
.
-
.
(?),
charming
."
The
text,
which was never completely engraved, now
lacks also the upper part.
*
sculptor began to write snw, " a reception of food
from the Presence," and corrected
.
."
.
Read
^:3:^ with Bouriant.
The
plate has followed an
erroneous reproduction of Bouriant's copy in 3Ion.
The
.
great royal wife of Ua-en-
the plumes and gleaming in apparel
ra, tall in
.serviceably,
etc.]"
^
the
of
Overseer of the
approved in the heart of
he recognised as doing
House
ii.)
;
of voice in the palace
courtiers.
his lord,
(Plate
Ceiling Inscription.
things to which the living
soldiery, etc."
Col.
May.
Middle Column. " An adoration of thee (1) when thou
dawnest on the horizon, O Aten, Horus (?) of the two
Let there be no failure to see Ra
horizons (Horakhti).
open thy two eyes to see him may thy corpse be firm and
.
of one great in his office, high in his rank,
whom
3.
soldiery
Lands.
the
of heart in Akhetaten.
For the ka of one who was a favourite of the King of
the South when he was a youth and who (now) has reached
the goodly guerdon, the Bearer of the Fan on the right
"
hand of the King, [the Acting Scribe, etc.]
thy name established
jamb.
wind, a reception of favour
of the
she grant an entrance of favour and an
and gladness
;
This column and the opening phrases of the others
.
May
"
.5.
"
ever.
body be pro\nded with joy of her giving.
" For the Jm of the attendant of the King in his splendid
barge, he who is sent after the Lord of the Two Lands,
Overseer of all the works of the King, the Acting
2.
Col.
exit of love,
it
to hsw.
Or, perhaps, " his beauty every day."
dit
Cidle
d'Atonou, p. 129.
^
I follow Bouriant,
inscription
who
was damaged.
read ~]T'
n
J
before the
19
CHAPTER
V.
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
Thkir Distribution.
A.
The Boimdary
iSlelat',
Amarna on
Akheuatua
of
m
lie
the
which surround the plain of
semi-circle of hills
El
southernmost
the east side of the
ri\i'r
and
in
through
on
the west side, does not
the soutlienmio.st on the
.1,
further south in the desert road behind the
lies
the hills facing this on the west (Plate xxxiv.).
Fourteen arc now known
through V, an obliterated
;
three (A, B, F)' being
The
east."
three stelae on the western mountains seem to
northernmost,
the
be
most on
midmost and southern-
where the extent of
this side,
cliff"
suit-
monuments is very limited. Probably no more were hewn there.
Of those on the
east side we seem to possess the most northerly
a])le for sucli
X
in
for it
;
lies
beyond the plain at a point
A
parallel
X enters
F and
B,
X, V, J (or P)
mountains.
hills is
position
Its
on
the
accurately described in the
phrase "the headland of the Northern Stela"
(X, hne
north
the
then,
A
42).
Akhetaten
it
;
line joining
A
and
X
boundary of the
llic
represents,
district
degrees
several
faces
magnetic, north, perhaps
day.^
A
east
true uorlii nf
X
viz.,
K
I adopt the lettering initiated
{Tell el
Amnivn,
represent a wish
fjitigiiblo
who
l)y
series
The
F,
much
no small measure responsible for the present
His uiiiniblished materials also have
of volumes.
in
him
-
I
little tablet,
about 5
inscription,
of
monuments.
'•'
feel,
by
should
.'!
be included.
feet, retaining
It is a
only a trace
and having no resemblance to the other
It
may
not even be of this period.
In these discussions of position
dent on Prof. Potrie's map.
1
am
to
entirely depen-
to
J, if not
make known
proclamation
to
with more or
alreadv fixed
'
It
and
K
lived,
»,>,
IJ.
entering Akhetaten
S ,liaw
a
chain
<.f
would have been at the mouth, no doubt, but for
the desire to place
X
I'.
wa^j
the later form of the
travellei-s
by this route:
X
stelae are distributed
sites are fixed
obvious intentions.
needed
'
I,
approach
on the river bank as the Southern Stela,
in several instances.
cannot admit that
known
rest of the
unequally and their
to
the district of
the
of
always been unrcseivedly put at the disposal of other
workers, and I shall have to acknowledge my indebtedness
to
of
miles).
seem
series)
exactly."
to our knowledge, and, by the intere.st whicli he excited,
became
length
many
for
every
of
his inde-
energy in this district in 1891-2 added so
road, where
river
now ends
to include in
some
the southern
Akhetaten by the river bank, so balancini;
by Professor Petbie
pp. 5, G, Plato xxxiv.),
—A,
few hundred vards
(a
and J (second
series)
Akhetaten
K
and
M, on the
of
(first
less
'
M (at
(the northernmost),
vestige of cultivation
th;il
drawn from
parallel line, however,
then
.stelae,
to represent the
Three of the stelae on the east bank date
trom an earlier year and contain a special text,
south
the
—seem
landmarks (northern, southern and middle,
on both banks) mentioned in the text (p. 34).
one keeping to the river-bank, the other tra-
tlie
the mountain-path
These
six
where two narrow tracks into the plain diverge,
versing
passes
near the mouth
stela
the plain. ^
B
through
line
of the defile througli wliieh
from
limit of the plain),
spur of
bank
east
of the river, but almost exactly through P, which
mountains.
on the west side and eleven on the
pa.ss
M
it
exactly opposite
.s«>m then to
so<m after replacinu'
(ejist of) B.
have been the
M as
lirst
stelae to
the South Stela.
l)e
Ijit<T,
made on the mountain-nuid, and from X and P (or J)
A and F were determiuetl on the western
mount^kin.
The sit^- of |{ wa-n lix<>d on liecjiusi- im such
I*
wius
the positions of
bold
From
cliff oilers
it
itself
the ]iosilion of
further to the south on this side.
V
was taken.
THE EOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAENA.
20
information across the wide valley in which the
mountain roads from the south run
N
with enormous energy and
his project
initiative.
lies in
Apparently he did not wait for the completion
the middle of the mountain-wall south of the
of his designs, but planned out a whole series of
U
plain,
similaily on the east, near the entrance
temples, palaces, and tombs in advance, carrying
hewn and
out their most essential features to begin with.
where the Royal tomb
to the ravine
which
also a
is
The eleven later
and as
and
stelae contain the
by
A
stelae
It
now completely
is
B on
The
make an addi-
the western bank
end of the usual text (Plate
more
that a few
seem now
copy of the
have been
to
xxxiii.).
have
stelae
;
but, as the
found, only
a
were
it
end of the King's fourth year' he could
the
Akhetaten
describe
numerous
containing
as
temples, palaces, and royal and private tombs.
On
month
the 4th day' of the 8th
King made
year the
to our knowledge.^
and then abandoned because the
laid out
workmen were needed to push forward other
schemes. The same procedure probably governed
the foundation of Akhetaten, for we find that at
and sadly-injured proclama-
earlier
add much
tion could
great temple lagged far behind the pictures of
seen the feverish haste in which sepulchral halls
only
differ
perished or remain to be discovered
limits
be that even at the end of his reign the
in the addition or omission of un-
possible
is
same pro-
may
which the toml)s display, and we have already
copies
collation (Plates xxvii., xxviii.).
and
tion at the
It
in
the
important phrases, the text
restored
is
back-way into Akhetaten.
clamation,
spelling
:
of the 4th
a public appearance
and
held a oreat ceremonv of dedication, but neither
the place of the ceremonial nor the exact scope
Their History and Contents.
B.
of
When Akhenaten
(or Amenheteja-neter-heqa-
knew him) came
Uast, as the orthodox
Amarna
(probably
reign), having
second
in the
to El
year of his
decided to found a
new
it
is
now
officially
took
was not the ceremony
If it
clear.
Akhetaten
of dedicating
marking
its
as
itself
boundaries,
well
it
as
of
proljably
on the anniversary of that event.
place
capital
here which should at least prove a counterpoise
to Thebes'
Aten could
a
and without being overshadowed
presence of one daughter only, by the peculiar form of the
where the worship of
soil
flourish in purity,
older traditions
by
uncontaminated by
^ Professor Petrie's story of the reign is largely governed
by the rejection of this date of the early stelae, which,
though not absolutely certain, is vouched for Ijy the
and form a
more imposing
cult,
he must have set about
Queen's name, and by the contents, which show plainly
X
K,
Moreover, the date " Year 4
that, at that time, only the Stelae
projected.
I have personally visited
'
and made notes
of,
or com-
pletely copied, all of them, according to their importance,
This
except Stela P.
and,
M.
in
of
spite
Lefebvi'e
and
native guards.
making planned
Petrie copied
am
alone,
kind
assistance
aftbrded
his officials, could not be
efforts to reach
all
it.
that remains
little
of
Fortunately, Professor
it,
and as
visit
almost glad that this stela must remain to his credit
since
essayed
-
my
to the information he gives,
no one can appreciate the fatigue involved
beating the bounds of Akhetaten but he
in
me by
found by the
combined with the inhospitality of
drove me back on two occasions, after
could have added but
I
almost or completely sanded np,
This,
remote spot,
this
the
is
We
who has
it.
have not
sufficient material at present to enable
"
(or
M, X) were
occurs again in
the body of the text, though, unfortunately, in a dubious
connection
(1.
second and
20).
The
thii'd years,
oil-
and wine-jars dated
may
therefore,
to the
not need to be
assigned to Akhenaten's successor (Griffith, in Petrie's
If Akhenaten by the fourth year had
32).
abandoned his old name, the adoption of the
new titulary would in itself be a sufficient reason for the
T.
A.,
p.
definitely
erection of these three stelae.
wording of the proclamation (K, col. xi.) to
taken in hand, even if their full
completion was still a thing of the future.
If the King
*
I take the
refer to projects already
was a mere boy,
may
this
and much
else
must be reconsidered.
be "the 13th day," and so allow the
ceremony which the later stelae describe to have taken
^
It
well
place on the second anniversary of the
first.
The
pro-
us to form any just idea of the position Thebes took during
cedure on both occasions was so similar that the earlier
this reign.
phraseology could be closely followed.
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
made
After a great sacrifice had been
King proceeded
city
?),
the
all
of
the
There
stelae.
he
that
he assembled
founded Akhetaten
liad
the
one or
the
and recounted to them
dignitaries of the land
how
(in
to the site of
this
in
21
for other otticiants
Then,
(?).
few words, we
in a
have what seems to be a brief relation of the
which had led to the religious reformation.
evils
So little
is
known
of Akhenaten's activity in Nubia
beyond what the ruins of the temples of Sedeinga,
and
we must
spot in obedience to a divine mes.sage which had
Sole)),
come
the loss of the connection in which the land of
Atcn had chosen
to liim personally.
place for
worship without a
liis
were to reign
Roy.il pair
rival,
ami
this
tlie
him over the whole
for
Kush
Se.sebe di.sclose, that
mentioned (K,
is
the
would not remove Akhetaten
boundary-tablets
;
the
bounds marked out
li\-
the stelae on
and south of the chosen
would be confined
city
way
formal
north
bank of the
to the east
By settling
new enclave on which
of ths
tlie
and that the
district,
in tliis
river.
the exact
fi'om
the limits
to
the legal ])urdens on the land were fixed
fall,
and security given
The proclamation
to tenure.
informs us also what had been accomplished or
undertaken
the
b\-
least five temples l)uilt
Akhetaten or on
and
liis
The
King.
its
to
includes at
list
Aten
in the city of
island, palaces for himself
Queen, a Royal tomli which he
commands
shall be the burial-place of himself, his wife,
his daughter,
wherever they
and sepulchres
tion of
Aten''
Ra
may
chance to
for the Mnevis-bull
and
of Heliopolis),' fur the high-priests of
and the "Divine Fathers" of Aten, and
is
The tomb
therefore ahnost
certainly
tlie
tomb
wliich
the
early death of his daughter
alteration of the original
sumption
is
buried hero.
that the
It
may have rendered an
plan advisable.
King
also died
would bo no wonder
Hut the
pre-
suddenly, and wa.s
if,
under the circum
stances, the walls failed to be suitably inscribed.
-
This
interesting
could wish were a
^
little
and surprising reading, which I
more jussured, I owe to the Editor.
The tomb of Meryra, in the N. group, is the only one
to come under this head, and its decoration at least
known
seems to be of a later date, though it may have been profii'st, or have replaced an uninscribed tomb
jected from the
in the S. group.
Ay
X
M
and
but
:
before
Meketaten had been born to
on the
in.serted
Southern Stela, K.
Un
or aliout
the second anniversary uf this
proclamation another oath was taken
by the
King.^
The
limits
of the
in public
district
Akhetaten had now been marked out, not
on the
river,
(additional
?)
but also on the desert
stelae
the side-boundaries
more exact terms
:
sides.
of
onl\-
Six
were to be engraved, giving
of Akhetaten
new and
in
one to north, nne
t<»
south,
and one between these on the mountain ranges
on both sides of the
From
river.
the description given (S, line 9)
seem that the King made
the
Stela
visited
tlie
J.^
it
woidd
his oath at the site of
Afterwards
he
seems to have
Northern ami Middle Stelae on
tlie
side (S, lines 14, Ki, 17).
On
the
givt'ii
date
—
(itli
year,
8th
mouth,
King
intended to be the resting-place of liimsolf and his family.
The
were engraved on the three
K,
King, and her figure was
the
the ravine where Meketateii whs buried
iii
comprising the royal
the task was quite completed (probably well on
ea-st
'
upkeep of the temples
recital,
in the 5th year)
die,'
(the incarna-
for the
This
dues.
oath and decree,
the duty of sup-
porting the worship of Aten in Akhetaten was
Aten and
by
Tlic proclama-
line 25).
regulations for the festivals of
tion closes witli
Egypt for the Aten was god also of
known lands. Then the King, lifting his
hand to heaven, made a solemn vow that he
of Greater
all
regret
was not a " Divine Father" of Alcn.
*
'•"
See note 5 on page 20.
"South-east" can mean in the stela the southern
(cf. S, line IG, where "the NE.
point on the east side
must mean X). The King " makes southward," .so
J is meAut. .\s on the east side the hills closed
in on the river on the north and south, there wen- no
true NE. and SE. Stelae till V and S were liewn at
similar distjini-es from the south and north IxiundaricH n-Stela S is due 8outh-ea.st from the city, so that
sixjctively.
P or S might be indicated by the phrase, but P is almost
inacce-ssible by chariot. The roa<ls which are still U> l)c seen
lea<ling up to several of the stelae were pniljably made for
tablet''
jirobably
the King's
visit.
THE EOCK TO.MBS OF EL AMARNA.
13th day
Aten
— the
King, after a great
to
in the city, as on the former occasion, drove
southwards in his chariot, and
mountain of Akhetaten
east
sacrifice
"
'"
on the south-
made
tion defining the boundaries of
a proclama-
Akhetaten more
by means of the six stelae, and swore
would never overstep them or suffer
precisely
that
he
them
to fall into
decay/
The
district (of
which
he gave the exact length) he declared to belong-
eastern stelae (and also on F)
form
"'
:
.
.
mary
in progress
numbers was resolved
more
or
eleven
stelae
beginning of the 8th
and
time,
this
an increase
in
their-
In consequence the
on.
were not ready
year.'^
By
the
till
that time a
new
asseveration of the oath had been arranged
for,
probably in connection with the dedication
of the additional stelae, for the ceremonial
this
seems
time to have taken place on the south-east
boundary
(S, line 26),
where three or four new
had been set up (P, Q, E, S). This was
the 8th year, 5th month, 8th day, and the
Before
her
name and
the side
figure were accordingly
the " altars
(.)f
form, of whicli
month,
They
example.
are
to
and were fixed long
advance, so
in
them could be added
before-
On
the rest of the inscription.^
the
J was
This must not be too strictly interpreted.
pushed some hundreds of yards south of K, and the Royal
Tomb lies beyond the boundary eastwards.
- In consequence of the heavy work entailed on quarriers
no work could be done upon the
For this reason no tomb shows two daughters, and
perhaps all in the S. group are later than the stelae.
On every stela the oath and the record of its renewal
run on in the same line, and, so far as I can see, without
and
sculptors, little or
tombs.
''
sign of erasure, though V, P, J, the stelae most concerned,
have lost the part in question. It .seems, therefore, that
The engraver of li
the whole was cut on all at one time.
also knew the form prescribed for the addition but, wishing
to give the new oath at length, he changed it to a retro'
;
.spective
note
two
added at
stelae.^
rounded at the top, and the
sky from which Aten sends
— " The oath was in the 6th year
"
.
.
.
—and
his divergent rays
on the altar and on the royal pair
The upper part
pondingly arched.
by
corres-
is
occupied
is
and two
a .scene showing the King, Queen,
princesses
adoring Aten, the former
generally
having their arms outstretched from the shoulder,
while
the
Part of
princesses carry sistrums.
this division,
however,
often taken
is
up by the
beginning of the inscription, arranged in vertical
being written on the
it
of the stela in horizontal lines in
either direction.
In the scene above, the titulary of the sun,
The pro-
last day).
ceedings perhaps took place on some anniversary
hand
of these
Plate xxvi. gives an excellent
lower part
western stelae seem to have been visited a few
that the record of
"
Description of the Stelae.
C.
in
or festival,
it.
text could be engraved,
longer
this
columns, the rest of
earlier (4 th
sum-
which the substance of the previous
in
stelae
days
the year
in
B, however, the brief
These monuments are of an almost invariable
marks had not been begun at
it
was repeated
Akhenaten's third daughter had been born, and
western.
Probably the work of engraving these land-
while
took a simple
oath had been repeated was appended to
products, for ever and ever, from the eastern
was
it
and
to the x\teu, with all its inhabitants, animals
hills to the
oath
This
On A and
.'
.
*
of the royal pair,
There
in columns.
common
are
and of the
is
princesses,
generally an
is
added
altar-table of
form, the two or three panels of which
decorated with
the
then added the new oath thus
five
:
cartouches.
" 8th year, 4th
The
month,
last
—
day ^the oath which the King spake when fixing the stelae
."
But he gives a different date in the
of Akhetaten.
6th year from that which is unanimously given for the
later proclamation, even by A, which presumably followed
.
B
.
in ending.
•
F, which does not share the peculiarities of
seems to be earlier
;
since
it
gives a
A and
B,
date (according to
Petrie) for the (forthcoming'!) ceremonial
on the east
side
which proved four months too soon.
'
The three
dedications, then,
seem
to
have
briefly pre-
ceded the birth of three successive children. Did this
domestic King invite the favour of Aten, who " makes the
son to live in the body of his mother, nursing him in the
body," by these gifts and engagements?
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
table is piled with jars, meats, birds, vegetables,
flowers,
and dishes of burning
and often
incense,
has a back like that of a chair at one end, and
the other
at
;i
kneeling
with a cone of food
filled
figure iioldiuff a dish
The
(?).
altar, or
two duplicated royal groups,
of the
one
often
is
IS
Ateu and
tlie
together and
As
royal pair."
the
to
these are joined
a
statues in
(concealing the figures for rather more than half
and
breadth,
their
obviating
.so
need of
the
drapery), they resemble altars, but really show
King and Queen "upholding the name of
The tablet is sometimes upright, some-
the
replaced by the columns of text.
Aten."^
The King and Queen are clothed in garments
The King usually wears the
khepei'sh head-dress, the Queen the two feathers
times leaning outwards at the top, as
of the usual fdini.
with horned
The bodies
disc.
faces tlieir
most
repulsive outlines, on these stelae of the early
Indeed, these worst dis-
the reign.
of
years
almost
are
tortions
limited
to
stelae,
trial-
stelae of the later series, unlike the earlier,
groups of statuary of a special
are formed
side by
King being on
side
in
group, the
tlie
side
stela; he
somewhat: stouter
is
The King
a combined
nearer
in build
the forms do not greatly differ.
A and
ever, only in
that
S,
It
is
is,
tlic
she,
tli.-ui
where the stone
statuary
the
They
cliai-acter.
the following way.
in
and Queen stand
quality,
how-
of good
is
.sufficiently
well
preserved to inform us on points of detail, and
the moulding of the l)ody
here
soft
and
sions
exquisitely
is
dimen-
delicate, despite the exaggerated
of the
xxxix.,
and thighs (Plates xxxiv.,
hips
The bodies seem usually to
nearly so.
The King wears cither
xl., xliv.).
be nude, or
the khepersh or the crown
Queen her
dI'
The
I.ower Egypt, the
head-dix'ss or a cap
flat
heads or faces have, in every
away.'
but
;
The statues of the
two
little
The
in numl)er.
an enormous
the
(generally
the shouhlci-
there
form), and each grasps
These figures are set
the
iVoin
nf
uppei- rim of a
tablet inscribed with the
liack, as if
they
xliv.).
three miles to
xli., xliii.) lies
the south of Tuneh-el-Gebel, on the face of the
western
It
hills.
is
14 feet high and 7 feet
columns of text and
6 inches Ijroad, with eight
twenty-five liorizontal
pi('ser\atiiin
(air
(I'l.
The former
lines.
xxxiii.)
;
are in
the latter seem
have been systematically battered, but the
to
and
first six
are
rest
last six lines
fairly
Tiie
right.
text on the
and the ends of the
The lower lines are
The writing is from left to
legible.
rapidly decaying.
upper scene shows vertical
left,
lines of
and on the right the King and
Queen adoring Aten behind
a table of oHerings.
Merytaten and Meketaten shake sistrums behind
her.^
The horizontal ram's horns
are added to
the disc in the Queen's head-dress.
Oil the south side of the stela arc
arms out-
one group
is
tjie
(H-
(Plates
are
nude, and wear
were a free-standing group (Plate
A
to be
They hold one another's
arm ISIerytaten reaches
out to touch her mother.
Stela
if
figures
princesses are always
girls are
side-lock.
hands, and with her free
-
vertiial
clift'
The heads and
by a stay of rock.
two groups
broken
case, ])cen
figures always have their
stretched either rrmn
elbow
better.
joined to the
are almost invarialdy flanked uu both sides with
liur
the
on a base, and against an arched
pieces, etc.
The
read
are given their
most exaggerated forms, and the
mass
solid
each
narrow
names of
the
The
tablets
have rounded tops in
Q
(detaclieil fm_u-
ment).
In the case of S the lower altar holds the names of the
and the Kin;; the higher one adds that of the Quc^n.
Probably this is the explanation of the two miHlcls.
Their names are totally inisrejul by Piti8.>!K, .Vim. /?<;.,
Drawn by Uw, MSS., i;98U, fols. Xl-XU the
PI. .\iv.
first is reproduced in Plato xliii. by kind pcrnii.s.sioii of
Sketched also by
the Director of the British Museum.
•'
gofi
;
'
:
'
As
the fragments were left wliore tliey
sometimes to be recovered from the sands.
iind Q).
The heads
attached to
tlio
rmK-
of the stntues
liv
an inset.
fell,
they
iire
See below (N
wore often separate, and
L'HoTK,
303-.tOG.
Lcttrex
SeriUf,
pp.
59,
131,
and
.^fSS.,
III..
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
24
of statuary, one of each model (Plates xxxiv.,
On
xxxvi.).
both the figures are draped.
King wears a broad
girdle with falling ends,
the clinging drapery of the Queen
body and
indicated on her
upper hem of her robe
and
between
her
in front,
and
side of the south " altar."
The fringed
seen crossing above
is
and
breasts,
are
folds
its
gathered together in a knot below them.
open
Three daughters are shown and named on the
Stela
delicately
is
limbs.
groups of the royal pair and their two daughters.
The
It is
but a narrow sash knotted on the
The
navel seems to indicate an under-garment.
stela
is
—According
F.
"
on a low scarp of rock
well as the
There
more
nine
the last seven
that,
It is jiecu-
though only two daughters
inches
long,
The
in-
would not even
it
think, therefore, that
I
was no upper scene at
either there
is
gone, as
is
complete.
that
short
so
is
49
lines,
l)eing fairly
contain the royal oath.'
B
middle of
five discernible horizontal lines.
first
are
adorned with cartouches of the Aten.
and
The scene
usually buried in sand.
scription
A
in the
a wide bay of desert" south of Gildeh, and
upper arms and the breast of both figures are
liar to
to Professor Petrie, this
all
and that
and name of
the remaining forty-one inches under the disc
Ankhes-en -pa-ate n were added to those of the
were entirely occupied by inscription, or that the
shown
are
in statuary, the figure
other two on
one
north
of the
side
" altar,"
showing that she was born before the completion
The names are
of the work.
form (cf
L., D.,
Stela
south
B.
—This
of Stela A, but halfway l)etween
preparation for another
likely that it is only
Roman
of
steps,
date.^
By
broad,
7 feet
a
quarry,
the side of
it
making use of
natural
clifi',
signs of surface quarrying are frequent.
Stela
much
in
B
is
is
about the same
seven horizontal
illegible
and
line
lines.
of inscription
and
lines,
There are seven or
many
Columns 1-4
27 entirely
the rock here being
so,
are nearly
while the whole
has been very badly defaced by hammering.
now
The
are
in
75
inches
columned
also gone.
is
On both
The
text.
side.s
The
of
figures
initial
tlie
stretched
text
on
broad,
arms, behind an oftering-talile.
no. 7).
;
but,
left of
The
The
clifi'
is
the stela to receive
though their place
is
visible,
they
K
(Plates
xxix.,
xxx.,
xxxvii.,
stelae are
This must be the spot which M. Daressy erroneously
iii,
show
remain,
written from left to right.
is
Stela
date
Line 8 begins near the end of
line 21 of Stela S.
The text extends to the end of line IG of Stela S. The
negative was kindly furnished by Professor Steindorfl.
* The upper one is gone ; the lower is named Meketaten.
^
'
which
have perished.
-
describes (Recueil, xv., p.
The eight horizontal
The scene above is on the right of
the columns of text and shows the King, Queen,
and two princesses ^ adoring Aten with out-
statues
the left are almost destroyed.
very bad condition, the
gaps.^
smoothed down on the
either side of the
The
cave.
by the engravers with insets
The eight columns
daughters lifting hands
Aten on
j^art of
fallen out.
scene above shows the King, the Queen, and two
in adoration of
a rough
date being indecipherable.
eight vertical columns of inscription, and twenty-
few hundred
stone was bad to liegin with, having to be ex-
which now have
size as the last,
the same condition.
hills
stela is in great ruin (Plate xxxvi.) ap-
tensively patched
14 feet high and 35 feet long.
It lies a
parently from natural causes, the lower
wliere
steps lead from the foot of this to the quarried
which
Hawata.
A
few
up on the
from the western river-bank, south
rise
The
high
ravine entering the
yards to the south of Stela K.
forty-one
a
situated
is
first
been
perhaps even
gully, ascend to the top of the low
face,
—This
of the village of
more
It is
stela.
which
The text runs
quite gone.
them
may have
a rock face has been cut, which
the
J.
is
left.
north side of the
about two miles to the
lies
Stela
in the invariable
91a-/).
iii.,
top of the stela
from right to
THE BODNDARY STELAE.
xxxviii.).
—This
monument
to the north of
cliff
and
broad,
the
Stela J.
reckon to have been eighty
eleven feet
I
This magnificent
ruined by natural decay, the lower
is
two-thirds being almost useless.
from
written
earlier text,
scene above
which
number, measure
in
twenty-one vertical columns.
monument
70 inches
is
lines,
There were, besides,
height.'
in
It
horizontal
It contains the
to
left
The
right.
shows the King adoring the Aten
"
Behind
on the right of the vertical columns.
him, his wife and his daughter Merytaten rattle
sistrums (the Queen's
front of her
written
is
name
J
(
^ s='
\\
(|
f^
little
simply).
1
This leaves no room for further figures
border has been erased and, a
way
but the
;
and
a
side,
space having
Meketateu, accompanied
tiny
figure
of
xxxiii.,
xl.).
13
high,
feet
It
name added
licr
reading from
this is in
largely
to
left
What
right.
sister's.
a miscalculation
liy
by the
lost
shows two daughters.^
lower part
in
away
falling
The date
patching-stones.
To right and
is
an
Steindorff cleared the
in Plate xl.)."
left
of the stela, and sheltered
The arms of the larger group bend
upwards from the elbow. The character of the
smaller.
learnt from the
in a
second
daughter after the scene was executed.
There
M.—About
inscription
stela
the
and
possible)
broad.
feet
but
The
earlier pro-
The scene seems to have shown King,
C^ueen and possibly one or two daughters adoring
clamation.
Aten to the right of
There are no statues.
liuiiilrcil
of
It
is
set
several columns of
The
stela
yards imrllinl' K, and
mouiilaiii,
tlie
deep
westernmost of four
in a
just
lidiiiid
hewn
recess.
onl}' a
is
lies
at
tlie
line (59°)
This contains
one on the west side of the valley
and one on the
mountain -side,
fragments of
These belong to the
left to right.
kho7-s,
feet of
eleven lines can be read, written from
first
tlie
is
across the great valley which leads .southwards
two
18 feet high (13
almost obliterated,
is
— This
P.
from the SE. corner of the plain.
are no statues.
Stela
(PI. xliv.)."
probably
of a
l)irth
of
theft
The scene
lost.
stelae which are set in a straight
implying the
addition
or
is
by the overhang of the rock, are combined
statues of the King and Queen and of the two
The group on the right hand (west)
princesses.
Stkla
is
of
1898 and found heads of the King
and Queen (replaced
This might represent
the sculptor, l)ut
left
is
good condition, but the upper half
photograph
column near her
height being
the
o-roup of children will best be
been rudely inserted, and
half-
82 inches broad
is
half of
an attendant,^ has
liy
— About
occupied by twenty-six horizontal lines of text
is
been smoothed at the
(Plates
along the southern boundary of the plain,
just under the summit.
above and in
Ijoth
N
Stkla
cut in the high
is
25
P
Q
was blown
is
placed on the west
in the west
S on the
east k/ior,
P
east.
ifior,
R
in
east mountain -.side.
the
Stela
by gunpowder a few years
to pieces
ago by Copts, who expected, as all Egyptians
do, to find that the stela was a door to a hidden
It
treasure-chamber.^
was
70
inches
broad
text.
few
turn
a sheikh's tomb.
*
For the scone above .see L., D., iii., llOd, and my
sketch (ba.sed on that and on photographs) on Plate xxxiii.
The faces of the King and Queen are rei>roduce<l in L,
D.,
iii.,
29r>,
nos.
4."),
4S,
and are characteristic
for
the
11.
\2.
stelae.
'
From
'
is
the top o£ line 40 to the end of the inscription
66 inches.
.xxxvii.
-
Tiie negative of
the photogi-iiph on Plate
was kindly furnished by Professor
Fdi-
the sccni-
twenty-one of the
.SCO
L.,
D.,
iii.,
1
Sti-inilorfT.
lofc,
wliiih includes
luiriziintiil lines.
Not a second daughter. An allcndiinl is not clscwhcnshown on the stelae, but the child was so young that a
'
nui-se
seemed
fittinjj.
STKlNlK'ltKF,
Bericht
d.
Kin).
Diirch
Sn.l.s.
die
Ljihinchi-
Wiiult,
G.s.
LeiyzKi,
I'.'OO,
pp.
210--.'12
pp.
(photographs).
" The nc'atives tor Ixiili phoio;,'niphs of this stela were
kindly furnished by Professor SteindorlV.
Cf. Hay's account of his visit to the slela at Tuneh.
•
"
The
principal pei-sonage oouiniencitl
by asking why we
had shut up the door as soon as wo saw them coming
" (Add.
foi- he insisted that the Uiblct c«iuld bo nothing loss
.
K
.
.
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMAKNA.
26
and 12
6 inches
feet
Only a fragment
high.
The
with the heads of the Royal pair remains.
former well formed and
fragments of the
praying to the Aten on either side a central
On
altar-table.
King
the left the heads of both
88
Upper Egypt on the
Of the text
right the Queen wears the plumes.
There are
I copied two large detached fragments.
of
the two
groups of the King and Queen and
The Queen's
princesses on either side the stela.
nine
that of
left,
;
of Aten and her own,
name
tablet contains the
the King's that of Aten and
head of Merytaten
from right to
Stela Q.
One
his own.'
The writing
remains.
—This
stela occupies a
commanding
horizontal
written from right
nearly
xli.,
to
inscription
of
lines
left,
liut
below
line
12
None
side of a central altar.
cartouches are
injured.
tablet being on the right.
of the
There were the usual
groups of statues on both
sides,
They
higher
the
are completely
smashed, the injuries apparently being contemporary
the
and on searching the slope and
;
hill
I
foot of
found the remains strewn about, but
They included
badly weatherworn.
Queen
of the
was
which
loss
The
injury.
(or a princess) in
wig, almost defaced
;
(1) the
head
an enveloping
(2) the face of the
Queen (?)
(3) head of the King wearing the crown of the
North (4) torso and head of a princess, the
;
p. 163).
and
broad.
twenty-
in
left,
is
through
partly
royal family worshipping in the usual
both sides of an
It
above shows the
scene
way on
near which are stands
altar,
with lotus-Howers.
There are fragments
still
on the
King and Queen and another
on this
(N.) of
left
Stela S (Plates
xxvi., xxxix., xl., xliv.)^ lies
Natural caverns at the foot of some
R
few hundred yards behind
a
the mountain-side.
100
of the princesses
side.
high,
inches
right to
left.
It is
at the foot of
60 inches broad and
and contains
four
(;olunins
lines of inscription written
from
The sculptors chanced on a vein of
limestone as hard as alal)aster, so that the greater
monument
part of the
though
The work
inscription
are
is
marvellously preserved,
made upon
attacks have been
spiteful
lately.
it
is
the
in
above the
scene
beautifully fine, though the profiles
hideous and the
forms of the body out-
rageous.
The usual groups
of statuary are
and
both sides of the stela
found on
show admiral)le
The royal group on the right
modelling.
of the stela holds
tlie
Except
a narrow girdle round the loins of the
King wears
(S)
tablets at shoulder-heisfht
the others are held with ))ent arm.
The south
both figures are nude.
MSS. 31054,
inches
of
by natural decay and
patching-stones,
of
wanton
58
contained
from right to
written
lines
(?)
and
high
inches
text,
and twenty-six
all is lost.
The scene above shows the King and Queen
praying and the two princesses shaking sistrums
on either
about three-quarters
kJior,
terribly mutilated, partly
It
xlii.).
high and 52 inches broad, containinc;
twenty-seven
on the east slope
is
the stela, showing that tliere was a group of the
left.
the western track (Plates
feet
8
is
The
is
position at the top of a spm- facing northwards
down
xlii.)
an hour's walk from the southern tombs.
is
the
many
(5)
;
tablets."
(Plate
eastern
the
of
and Queen are preserved, but are removed on
The King wears the crown of Lower
the rioht.'
Egypt on
R
Stela
King, Queen and two princesses were shown
injured
little
the khepersh
(?),
for
King,
figure of the
that on the North
the stelae (especially curious in S), help this fancy,
of
which
is
responsible for
many
injuries to
monuments
in
has the crown of the North.
The south
tablet
Egypt.
'
I
discovered
and brought away
tlu;
profile
of
the
-
The south
35 inches.
^
See Plate
Australia
Queen.
tablet
is
43 inches high; that on the north,
'
;
No. 3
xliv.
i.s
in
the
Museum
of Melbourne,
Nos. 2 and i are in the Caii-o Museum.
Pkisbe,
who appears
Man.
PI. xiii.
Copy by De Brynestyn
diawn the scene from memory.
Eij.,
to have
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
shows the cartouches of King, Queen and Atcn
that on the north shows those of the King
and the Aten only.'
Stela U (Plates xxv., xxxiv.,
bottom,
to
height of the
cliflT
— This
25 feet from
almost
occupies
the
entire
bay of the •eastern
in a little
mountain-range, just to the north of the mouth
tomb
of the great ravine in which the Royal
It
of
impossible
aijsolutely
is
lies.
approach
close
except by rope-ladder from above, and the text
therefore ditticult to secure.
is
columns and twenty-four
from
left
lines
cut
On
statuary.
to hold
rock
the
in
groups of
the
the right (S) was a group of the
King and Queen with tablets held breast-high
and inscribed with fuller eulogies of the King(?)
The princesses are
and (^ueen than usual.
On the left the remains show
almost destroyed.
separate statues, more than life-size, of the King
and Queen, each holding a narrow
high against
The statues of the
body.
the
tablet shoulder-
daughters are more than infantine in compara-
A
tive size.
broad road leads to
it
from the
of
K,
81
inches
V
Stela
high
lies
to tlic .soutli
of the
up on the
defile
its
Tlie
with
broad,
tlio
position
midst
northern
tlie
scene
above
difhcultv.
taten(?).
tombs,
Owing
chosen
I
fmm
Hue 19
signs,
TIhtc arc
(S).
from right to
iii.,
Pkissk, Moil.
and dress
The
left.
Work
on the Site.'
known already to Wilkinson,* and probably Hay,
who drew it in 1827, learnt of its existence fnnii
Nestor L'Hote
vi.sited
of
it.''
it
ami
1830
in
Prissk did more,
publishing the entire momuiient.
pub-
l-K.r.sirs
date and ntimes.
Daressy,
it
from the
citx
in
A
l\w.
the hentls, but
liiul
7v;/.,
I'l.
xii.
sketched by L'Hote, and copied
included also in M.
•'
Sketch in L'Hoti:, Papicrs,
figures in Prisse should
to those in Plate xxvi.
conform
in
Northern tombs,
liy
in
1
840,'
Prisse.
It
Darc-^sy's collation.
Stela S was found and copied by Pe BrynksTVN. Pris.se's cimipauioii. ami pul)lislic<l by the
frtilod.
to
lieing near to the
was discovered by H.\RRis and Glipdon
pennissi(ii\.
302.
have
Tlie writing
ofterings.
Stela A, near Tuneh El Gebel on the West
It was
side, was the first to be discovered.
'
''
King stands
and with him the Queen and Mery-
D. Previous
aint
National Museum, Melbourne, Australia, by M. Maspero'a
kind
made out
be
In the centre are twenty-one columns
Stela l^
a cartouclio of Aten wiis sent to
made an attempt
.sliowiug
to
the left the
been an altar lieaped with
is
'
text of
the
to the nature of the rock,
traces of a roa<l leading to
fragment
only
is
On
directly
as
now remains but half-a-dozen
apparently
full
line
of text, and beyond this there .seems to
is
12
extant
for tlie
is
1893, included this text in a collation.'
being apparently
opposite B.
nothing
of
room
It affords
more than
is
lowest
the
stela
little
which pierces them
in
lines.
lished only the
in
and there
al)ove
made rough drawings
a
hills,
The
on the south.
fellow
of height
feet
him.
city.
is
a state of ruin even more lamentable than that
in adoration,
a deep recess has
each side of the stela
the
contains
It
the proclamation of the fourth year, but
(No. 57).
daughters shaking sistrums.
been
Zebayda, facing the river (225°).
eighty
and two
shoulder of
the
mountain, above the ruined tomb of the Lady
of text written
arms,'-
high up on
set
is
There arc three
and Queen praying with extended
On
It
The scene shows the King
to right.
east
the
where the track through
side, lies at the point
the defile just mentioned strikes the river again.
xxxvii.).
monument, measuring
gigantic
top
on
Stela X, the most northern
;
attitude
«
'
Fuller refereni-es are given elsewhere.
Tnpngraphy of Tlirbit, p. 38.3.
Lcllrm tnilin, pp. 129-134.
Hiiued lie Trataujr, xv., pp. 51-58, also
PuissK, Mon.
El]., p. 3.
p. f.l.
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
28
M. Daressy pul)lished a
latter.'
and
[>riiite(l
photograph
[Liveth Father]
etc,
|"
J
Q
was
liy
Lepsius, as also
Aton every
like his father
Ijelievc,
1
by Mr.
I'
might
Ncwlierr}^
Prof.
Petrie's
whole
district in
V
M, R,
J, P,
etc."
Re
were the reward of
indefatigable
scrutiny
of
the
day, the good
....
himself
....
sky
the
to
of the living
that formed
when he
]"
(?)
god
(?)
Him
doing service to
him
Stelae B, F,
Ca^
appearing on the throne of
fouud,
first
(ITI
[Liveth HorusJ ['
was jjublished
the upper part of Stela N."
Stela
Hor-Aton
(
the text (v. supra).
K
Stela
fine
the living Aton, lord
(?)
places
[Son of
Re], living in Truth, [lord of] diadems, [" Akhenaton, great
in his duration, living for ever
;
M. Daressy's
R
1892.'
is
included also in
(and) the hereditary-princess
great in the palace, fair
(?),
of face, beauteous with the double plume, mistress of happi-
collation.
[endowed with favours] at hearing whose voice one
]"'' lady of grace, great of love, by whose
nature
the lord of the two lands is well-pleased, great of
to the Aton, contenting
in the horizon, for
ness,
Stela X, the farthest
to the north yet dis-
me by
Breasted has made use of it
covered on the east bank, was shown to
an Arab
in 1901.*
rejoices,'-
whom
for his recent work.^
the
Grunau
Steindorff, Borchardt and
eastern stelae
whom
he
is
spoken
done,'-
is
mistress
loves,
Beauty
of the Beauties of
Aton, Neferteit
1898, copied the text of
in
|''
chief wife of
Two
the
of
lands,
visited
I
the
every (word) that
king,
living
I
].
for
ever
eight of them, securing excellent photographs,
and made excavations at
N.''
On
Aton when he
his love,
Year 4
*
fourth
month
of the second season, [day] 4
etc.
Prisse, BTon. Eg.,
3
'
-
L.,
D. Text,
p.
p.
from
rises
....
and
his horizon
Aton
the
of
]"
His
?].
electrum,
like
the land with
fills
(and) started [a goodly course
;
—
made
The unique one of Re had made for him his monument in founding for him [Akhetaton] according (?) as [his
father had given command] to make it
[Heaven was]
in joy,'° earth in rejoicing, I"" every heart in gladness, when
they saw him. (And his Majesty) offered a [great] oblation
his son
Liveth the Good God,
[Akhetaton
in
Akhetaton, his place of the beginning which he had
for himself that he might rest within it daily (?)
for
I'"
to]
The Earlier Proclamation.'^
E.
was"
day (Royalty)
this
[Majesty ascended] a great chariot
(?).^
'
'
—
and
PI. xiii.
There are squeezes
129.
of
K
in
Father
to
(
Hor-Aton
horned
of bread, beer,
j
Indls,
Berlin.
Amarna,
^
Petrie, Tell
''
DAVIE.S, Sheilih Said, pp.
el
pp. 5,
.5,
0, PLs. x.xxiv.,
'"
Records,
^
For references, see
'
Plates xxix.-xxxii., xxxviii. (photograph).
p. 393.
ii.,
p. 2-5.
used are the Stelae K, X, and M.
now
For
legible.
K
and
X
I
The sources
Of M only a few phrases
have u.sed my squeezes
and photographs and plates revised on the spot. For K,
A fragmentary translation is
see also L., D., iii., llOfc.
given in Bre.\sted, Records, pp. 392-394. The numbers
of the lines, where not othei'wise marked, are those of K.
The
possible in
X
marked
the text of K.
lines of
By much
are
Aton was probably the true pronunciation
name, which thus differed by only one
Amun, the god whom he displaced.
^
are
xxxv.
off as far
and as accurately
as
" The rendering
the
later
similar titularies
aten
is
is
where a
much guided
titulary of
The above
of the god to
titles of
Hor-Aton
(
(
N.
liy
the
Akhen]
(
A.
|
I
the Queen are those which she
Her name
bears in the later proclamation.
is
often tran-
scribed Nefertiti.
the larger share of any responsibility or credit
Griffith,
is
full ti'anslation of
The ordinary
given.
from Amon,
letter
abbreviated elsewhere in these pages to
and the cartouches
'-
as far as line xiv.
proclamation,
'^
two proclamations must fall to
to whom the final form it has taken is
Of. II., p. 14.
Read
^^zz^
for the translation of these
Mr.
of the god's
6.
iif
^^
-^
III
at the end of line
1
vii
it
the end of line
^
^^
vi.
;
at the end
also due.
"
The reading
below
^
"
read,
(I.
is
confirmed by the recurrence of " year 4
"
20).
Day
13,"
of line viii.
'*
which the broken signs
would date the
easily permit us to
S-^
at the end of line
One was." " On
this
day
ix.
" refei-s of course to the
opening date, what has intervened being merely
later proclamation to the anniversary
15
of this.
Lit. "
;
Read
S
III.
jirotocol.
29
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
polled
cense
bulls,
beasts, fowl,
all
goodly herbs
(?),
Akhetaton
[for the living
'
[on the day of demarcating]
Aton
and loved] 1"^' the Sovereign
lands
— who ac]cepted
(L. P. H.),
Beautiful of the furuis of
(
i{c,
-
Lord
of the
(?)
[favoured
Re
in gladness,
well pleased, which uplifts
and
for ever
(And)
[and Aton radiated upon him in
life
and length
J
of days,
[Said] j"" his Majesty
invigorating his body every day].
" Biing nie the companions of the king, the great ones and
mighty
the laud] in
entirety." They were|»''" conducted to him
They were on their bellies before his .Majesty,
its
immediately.
:
[of
ones, the captains of soldiers,
(?)
smelling [the ground to his mighty
His [Majesty
unto them
said]
will].
" Behold
:
[Akhetaton
•'
(?)
me to make unto him as a
monument in the [great] name of [my Majesty] for ever *
it was
the Aton my father that [brought me to] I""
Akhetaton. Not a noble directed (?) me to it,'' not [any
man in] the whole land directed (?) me to it say[ing " It is fitting for his Majesty] that he |"' make an Horizon-of-Aton
(Akhetaton) in this place." Nay, but it was the Aton my
which]
Aton
the
I''"
desires
:
father that [directed
an Horizon
of-
(?)
me] to
it,
make
to
Aton (Akhetaton).
for the
H. found that
L. P.
not to a goddess,
to princess'
as
owner
of
|it
.
Behold
it
|'
....
For Father
thing.
belonged not to a god,
[There
.
(
no right
is
I found
Hor-Aton
....
|
it
for]
.
.
.
Hor-Aton j by command ....
(
.
did
T
[except] thy Majesty, [he] doth not
''
beneficent
another except
it
|»
.
....
.
of
.
.
To-
Mera (Egypt) .... like the horizon of heaven ....
Aton .... great .... of making a monument to the
living Aton
Aton thou drawest (?) unto him every land (?),
I".
thou adornest for him village[8?] .... which he liath
.
.
.
own
[made?] for his
lands,
all
self,
all
countries,
the
Ha-nebu with their products, their tribute on their backs
him that made
and breathes the
for
in seeing
Then
their
Aton
heaven for ever and eternally.
in
his ^Majesty
that fcirmid
him by whose rays one liveth
[may he grant me] eternity
I"
verily (?) Akhetaton is
life,
....
air
rays
his
thriving like
not
hiiii. I
As Father
my
my
belonged
belonged not
....
me ....
(?)
hand to heaven unto Hiin
his
lifted
Hor-Aton
I,
saying:
him as
for
any man
witness
related to
for
:
any king
behold Pharaoh
:
....
!
Hor-Aton
f
.Vton, ordaining
father
belonged not to prince,
it
.
it
Aton my
wife(?)
to
J
monument of the AUm .... knowing the bounds of
Lo it is he that putteth in thy heart regarding
any place that he desires he doth not uplift the name of
find(?)''
.... Aton
Beauty
1'
Majosty stood] before Father fllor-Aton
[his
....
(?)
I
Atmi, Nefcrleit
ever and ever, said
eternity.
I"'
his child
For Akhetaton
ever.
of the beauties of
Aton was
[his] beauties
(?)
I*
I
making for him joy .... |" Akhetaton
ho rested on [his gre]at throne with which he
done
.... upon f N.J
he making!?)
liveth,
two
of the
one of
L'niciuc
After these things, the good pleasure
is
legarding Akhetatonforcver p and ever." Every eye seeth(?)
.... rays beauteous with (?) love, at .sight of which every land
wine, fruits, incense, frankin-
life, my father,
my remembrancer of
eternity,
witness of that which belongs to eternity.'" that formeth
whom
himself with his hands,
Whether he
without
is
....
makes every
no
artificer
hath known, who
is
and setting each day without ceasing.
in heaven or on earth [every] eye sees him
while he fills [the land with] his beams and
established in rising
of truth
the great and living
vigorous in
life,
wall of a million cubits,
to act
every-
liveth, |^
]
)'"
With
face to live.
seeing
whom may my
eyes
in
be satisfied daily, when he rises in this House of Aton
beams
|"
his
by
self
with
own
his
Akhetaton, and fills it
'
'
The term probably includes flowers.
- The
salutation " Life, Prosperity, Health " often
attached to mention of Royalty. The preceding phrase
•
beauteous with
!
may be
a stainling expression for the acceptance of a royal
oftering
by the god.
'
y,
not
(I,
ci
should be read in the Plate.
•
*
M jrives ^^
'
Or "
M
•
m
and
lays
n
Read
O
1
J,
^vvw>
A
them upon me
ia
life
and
ever.''''
(M.)
0_»_V«=>i
AA
^ from a rcNisod copy.
here.
testified lo
has
love,
length of days(?) for ever and
it,
.^n1^<Lij?'^'
<l
I
'-
I
Compare the
pictures
in
covered and embraced by the
them extending
I
III
to
which the King
ni\-s
him the sign of
Days (?).
the Mdii sign of IxMigth of
is
scon
of the sun, some of
life
and (more
rai-ely,
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
30
make
1 will
north of
beyonrl
make
not
I wdll
place.
Akhetaton
'
west of
it,
or east of
it,
southern
the
Aton my father in this
him Akhetaton south of it,
for the
for
tablet
I
it.
Akhetaton
of
not pass
will
southward,
neither will I pass beyond the northern tablet of Akhetaton
make
Akhetaton therein
neither will I make for him on the western side of AkhetNay, but I will make (?) Akhetaton for the Aton
aton.
my Father upon the Orient side of Akhetaton, the place
which he did enclose for his own self with cliff (?), and
[northward,
to]
|''-^
him]
[for
liryt
:
in the midst of
this is
Neither
it.
that I might offer to
it,
shall. the
:
ward, or southward |" or westward, or Orient^ward.
I will
not say " I will abandon Akhetaton, I will hasten
away
make
I will
Akhetaton
Akhetaton
for the
in this place
Neferteit
]
I
aton in this place
1
shall be
'
made
therein in that [multitude of
[and the burial
^
I'**
daughter Merit-aton shall be made in
If I die in
of years."
any town
the King's
of]
in that multitude
it
west.
of the north, south,
my
Orient in the multitude of years, I will be brought and
father
Aton my
father
made
burial
who
for the
Akhetaton.
in
lives, die in
any town
Queen
Neferteit
(
any
die] in
Akhetaton.
j^^
And
the sepulchre
in the Orient
mountain
in the
be brought and buried in
shall
.she
and
Meritaton
city of north, south, west, or Orient,
multitude of years,
I
of north, south, west, or Orient,
If the King's daughter
buried in Akhetaton.
made
If the great
[multitude of years, she shall be brought
in the
'
of
of
Mreu (Mnevis)
shall
Akhetaton, [and he
be
shall
be buried] therein.
[The] tombs of the "Great of Seeing""* and the divine
fathers of the
Aton
and the
^
[prie]sts
be made in the Or[ient] mountain
they shall be buried in them,
(?)
[of
[of the A]ton
Akhetaton and
l'-"
The tomb of the officers, etc., shall be made in the
Orient mountain of Akhet]aton and they shall be [buried]
therein.
For,
as
(Hor-Aton
Father
liveth,
J|
priests
more
(?)
I heard
evil
unto year
things
which
th]ey than
[those
they than those
are
[more
4,
evil are
;
of
Re
of the [great] wife of the
Aton my
for the
-
Aton my
;
Aton
make the Shade
I will
King
Aton
of
this place
|'-''
make
I will
in
House
a
in
years]
shall
and make Akhetaton in this other goodly place
Nay, but [I did find (?)] this Akhetaton for
for ever (?)."
the Aton, which he had himself desired, and with which he
is delighted for ever and ever.
in
Neferteit
;
him
Queen say unto me |'^
" Behold there is a goodly place for Akhetaton in another
place " and I hearken unto her neither shall any noble ....
.... of all men who are in the whole land [say unto me]
" Behold there is a goodly place for Akhetaton in another
place " and I hearken to them, whether it be downstreammade a
thereon
(
father in Akhet-
;
I will make a House of Rejoicing for the Aton my
father in the island of " Aton distinguished in Jubilees " in
*
This shortened form of the Queen's
every case on these three stelae where
name
(though in broken cartouches the longer
title
and seems a sign of the early date.
^ In each case the day of burial
is
is
used in
can be tested,
it
seems indicated)
postponed almost
infinitel}'.
Akhetaton
I will
in this place
^
;
[for] the
Rejoicing
Aton my father in the island of " Aton distinguished in
Jubilees " in Akhetaton in this place
make all works which [are required] to be done
Aton my father in Akhetaton in this place
for the Aton my father in
will make
I will
for the
I
will
'L.P.H.)
:
in this place
make
for
I will
make
shall be
mountain
1^'
the
palace
the palace of the
of
Queen
Pharaoh
Akhet-
in
;
my
made
for
me
a sepulchre in the
(
)ri[ent]
burial shall be [made] therein in the multi-
Grammatically,
it
is
equally possible to translate " I
have made," and so in all cases.
"
= Taia and Merytaton are each given a " Shade of Re
Nothing is known of a "Shade of Re" of
in the texts.
Neferteit, but it is not likely that Taia would be entitled
simply " icing's wife " in the reign of Akhenaton.
^ There is still a large cultivable island opposite Et Til,
but the river-bed
Or
perhaps
*
The
title of
shifts
Read
" necropolis."
a good deal there.
the chief priest of
Re
at Heliopolis.
This
more, the adoption of the sacred bull Mnevis show
a close connection of Aton worship with the cult of the
sun-god at Hehopolis, at any rate in the early years ; it
and,
tude of jubilees which the Aton my father hath ordained
for me, and the burial of the chief vdie of the King
1
f^-^^^
'
;
myself
aton in this place.
There
Queen Taia points to the startling conKing
could scarcely have been fifteen years
clusion that the
old when he pronounced this oath.
the furniture of
;
Akhetaton
I
Evidently only the eldest daughter was yet born.
Dr. Elliott Smith's examination of the skeleton found with
**
make a House p" of
is
still
very unexpected to find animal-worship thus retained in
some degree by the " hei-etic." Perhaps this was a concession to Egyptian prejudice and intended to concihate the
second or third greatest of the religious bodies in the
On the otlier hand, it is
struggle with Amon-worship.
possible
that Heliopolis was one of the main sources of
the "heresy."
^
I
have neglected to enter in the plate the clearer
reading of K, which I obtained on revision
.a
AAAA^
1
1
1
H
AAj«/sA
aft
Q
:
$J$$J,^
ri
o
THE BOUNDABY STELAE.
things] which I have heard
iii
the year
'
more
(?)
more
[heard],
are they than those things which
evil
The Later Proclamation.'
F.
they than those things which King
evil are
31
Year
month
fourth
6,
of the second season, thirteenth
j-'
day.'
I
Men-kheperu-re
heard
1(1)
in the
of negroes, in the mouth (?) of [any ?] people
IK is 1= X 26/ .... of Kush as far as ...
IX 27
[of gaz]elles
^^
.
P'
iK 31 (-
.
M
31)
my
as
.
.
Liveth the Gofxi God, well pleased with Truth,
(!),
_
_
father
(
two
.
....
[tablet] ....
.
.
.
Hoi-Aton
feast.s,
the chief wife of the King, Neferteit
Aton
^'.
i''
[''sa
tral
.
I will not
....
liveth
1
Stel.\ A.
....
every .season
"
1'^
.
.
.
he
;
if
j"^
^'
)-''
3^
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
to go
1^ ^'
I offer
the cen-
in
any
I be in
offer
.
.
.
.
.
.
in
city,''
any town
every place [unto?] which
which he found for
.
be
(?)
my
him.sclf
Stel.\ B.
Stel.\ F.
desire
.... THor-Aton
The
the south
a Jubilee
I will celebrate
.
_
.
....
Stela
Akhet-
celebration
.
trees
.
.
I''
(?),
I
the granary
(?)
...
of
(?)
.
.
.
.
.
i
J.
A
III., 303, 304.
date in Petrie's notes.
Petrie's hand-copy.
add
it
I did not obtain
but have noted
to the Plates,
— My hand-copy of the more
Stela H.
.
it^
— My
Hand-
legible parts.
Photographs by myself and SteindorH'.
hand-copy.
Photographs by Steindorff.
to
Aton under (?)
Stela S.— Prisse, Mon.
Cast from
with
life
and
Stela U.
his
(?)
palette
1'.
II.,
of
days
(?),
in [.)oy| and holiday ....
Akhetaton for ever and ever.
Tn.^
My
copy.
by
in
—Prisse,
Mon. £g.,
own hand-copy
•^
Petrie for his copy of
pp (revised
tlJ
PI.
Petrik, Hand-
xiii.
and
(revised)
F
and to Professor
tion, his revision of Plate .\xv.,
(End).
Plates
xxxii. are published
ways
^
;
revision of this
Photographs by Steindorff and mj-self.
most serious indebtedness therefore is to Professor
St«iiidorff for his
reading).
(revised readiiiguf K).
"
of writing
t,
lines),
from tracings of
hius
publica
and general support
xxxiii. (vertical
In the collation no notice
II.
Daressy, foe. cit.
by Petrie. Mv own
PI. xii.
Steindorff.
entcr)irise.
The whole land was
I'""
tig.,
stiueezes
generous contribution of negatives for use and
[their misti-ess].
length
copy and
copy (revised), complete squeezes and photographs.
their bellies unto Phariwjli, L.
(?)
My own
cit.).
;
the hand of the
....
{loc.
(photograph).
....
I
— Daressy
photograjihs.
My
upon
.
.
things that are in thiMvhole land
Ilor-Aton
and the Queen
(?) lord,
I"^'"
For two or
evidential value.
little
Stela P. My hand-copy of a few shattered fragments.
Stela Q.- -My hand-copy (revised) and photographs.
Also hand-copies kindly furnished me by Mr. Newberry
and M. Maspcro (cojiy by Shabaan Effendi).
.
I"'"'
their
tablet of Akhetaton.
to the Orient, to
Superior of the house of Akhetaton
being in
A
— Only
Stela N.
....
(?), all
they are for father
"
stylenl
— Only my hasty hand-copy of the more legible
copy by Petrie.
of
(?)
....
the Jubilee
(?)
unto the west
.
Ije
readings where they have any importance.
the headland of the northern tablet
the water in the river
''^
in full (all
These only
not absolutely erased, but for the
is
L'Hote, MS.
this in time to
J
-^
A
hand-copy and squeezes.
—
|K40(=X40i
1^ ^'
rest
near the end).
southward
1^ ^2
Daressy, collation
xiv.
parts (last four vertical lines, end of lines 1-5, lines 8 to
he voyage iiorthwurd or
whi-tlier
ig.
^
....
is
it
xxvii.,
three phrases I found myself dependent on Daressy.
Aton
of
[ships supplied] with everything in
him voyage,
let
The
partial copy in
I
If
(?).
have used for the Plates
1
50-o8, with appendix of
most part has very
Aton
to the
(?)
hich
covered the portions of the stela which could
.
|"3i
aton to
Akhet-
likewise the festival (?) [of] Aton, the offering ....
.
.
not
shall
Ra-hor, Horizon-god,"' rejoicing in
:
My
type-printed).
make ....
Aton my] father in the House
[the
.
(
Pkisse, Mon.
.•'
foreshore[s],'
(?)
which
Akhetaton
in
.
I indeed will
father].
|"'
llecucil XV., pp.
legible.
the central
in
.
.
.
.
.
the district
in
^
The materials «
'
make
islands
(?)
[my
.
.
and
Father
xxviii., xxxiii., are
ill
aton,
regions.
of addax[es]
likewise all
.
Lord of
|''
heaven, Lord of earth. Living Aton. Great, Illuminating the
.-
.
Liveth
the headland of the
.
I"''
.
shall not be said
t
">....
31 ...
l"
.
mouth (?)
of the
xxvi., xxix.-
stiueezes.
been taken of
tlie different
m, w, pa, or the plural.
" Fourteenth day " in Q.
In
U
the date
reverse direction (Plate xxxiv., where
U
is
sliould
written in
Ik)
read for
N), an Egyptian device for calling attention to a passage.
irti*(i!ll]fl^<"-)4
90
III
-m
A
(M:m
See Vol. ii., p. 15.
But prolmbly the true explanation
that " Father mine " was the original nu-aning of this
°
is
group, but became a
is
$
@
place of royal residence
fl^i, »...,.
is
probably meant.
inappropriate.
.st^jiiiiling
The
epithet,
sullix of
the
u.se«l
tii-st
where "mine"
pei-son .'singular
is
written with the royal sign, liccause it refers to the King.
10 41 ]jo|.^ Horizon-god," or later " (P)Hn-Hor (i.e. the Sun-
THE
the Horizc)
who giveth
In
DC
'
Liveth
name
of
and
for ever
life
The
Lii,'ht
eternity,
which
is
At
in
Akhetaton, the name of whicli
'S\
Living Atcjn, Great,
|"
within the temple of Aton in Akhetaton.^
sefZ-festival,2
|i
in his
TOMBS OF EL AMAKNA.
liOCK
the' Horns "
Two mistresses,
Strong Bull, Beloved of Aton "
" Great in Sovereignty in
^
;
the
"
(and) started a goodly course
;
Beauty of the Forms of Re, Unique one of Re
(
Son of Re, " Living in Truth, Lord of diadems
Great in his duration,
The Good
|-
Who
demarcate
;
the
Akhenaton
life
and
for ever
(?)
"
it
—causing
],^
ever."
to be offered
of Re,
Wliose beauties Aton
Sovereign (L.P.H.) for
holding Aton, Magnifj'ing His name, Causing the earth to
east
— the King
(A.
|<
]
).
Neferteit
f'
On
I,
Horus),
Beauty
of the beauties of
made
"
Horizon-god,''
for
in the
Or "
to
whom
is
of
^
Meaning
"
6
" Liveth the good God."
in
sun-god of
'
A
substitutes
to Aton.
"Doing
)
— as
A.
my
liveth, as
j
(
I
:
heart
is
whom, may
to
and
ever,
grow aged
hand
|,
happy
it
be
livina
|''-
with that multitude of
of
Pharaoh (L.P.H.), and
it
they being in the hand of the chief wife of the king, |"
their mother, eternally for ever
'^
Meaning,
">
Or
of course, " rode
!
on a two-horse chariot."
" took the goodly road "
;
the idea must be that
now goes to the city itself in which the temple of
Aton was.
" A difficult passage, unless the word "as" may be
supplied.
Q, U.
''*
ser-vices to
him," omitting this phrase where
" " That which his l-a loveth."
N.
I
the King
with the vulture, goddess of the
South, and the cobra, goddess of the North.
(?)
at the south-
the royal tent was pitched iu the plain of Akhetaton and
identified
Pious
I
be granted that the king's daughter Meritaton and
the king's daughter Meketaton, her children, grow old,
granted."
is
A ton
years,-^ she being in the
may
Apparently meaning " celebrating (his own) Jubilee,"
which the sun-god might be supposed to do unceasingly.
^ Meaning " Horizon of Aton."
The king
Hor- Aton
(
in the parti-
the
|'M Hor-
Queen and her children
-
*
(
granted that the chief wife of the King
isfiNeferteit
Heliopolis.
'
Majesty (L.P.H.) went P southward and halted
"As Father
Aton
Majesty L.P.H.
his
name
the
is
Ta.T
King Tn.J
oath pronounced by the king
for ever
day (Royalty) was in Akhetaton
pavilion
liis
the
(?)
mountain of Akhetaton,^^ and Aton radiated!'" upon
and length-of-days (?),-'- invigorating his body
An
Living for ever and eternity.'^
this
coloured
I
it
every day.
(?)-princess,
Mistress of the two lands,i=
|'
eternity,
him within
to
to
a great oblation of bread, beer,
'-"
on his chariot before his Father
Chief wife of the King, beloved by him.
rejoices.
and
as
liim in life
N.
(
And
Great in the palace,
Fair of face. Beauteous with the double plume. Mistress of
happiness. Endowed with favours, at hearing whose voice
one "
for ever
— even
bulls, jiolled bulls, beasts, fowl, wine, fruits, incense,
with the pleasures of His Jca," Doing services to Him
that formed him, f Presenting the earth to Him ' that
put him on His throne, Provisioning His House of
Eternity '" with millions and myriads of things, Up-
The hereditary
life
it,"*
goodly herbs, on the day P of demarcating Akhetaton
for the living Aton, who accepted, favoured, and loved the
Him
(and)
who giveth
|,
Aton
to the
on the
1)
all
created. Truly pious of heart to his Maker," Contenting
belong to his Maker
to Akhetaton, (as
monument
as a
Hor- Aton
(
>*
that his Majesty L.P.H. found
had given command to make a monument
horned
giveth
Unique one
God,''
I
"
J
'"
occasion
his father
lands
well-
is
of horses
and a great chariot p of electrum,i^ like Aton when he
from the horizon and fills the two lands with his love
first
Upholding the name of Aton " the King of
Upper and Lower Egypt, " Living in Truth, Lord of the Two
Golden Horus
The Aton
rises
The
;
"
Akhetaton
"
is
His Majesty (L.P.H.) ascended a span
pleased."
Him
that formed
occurs below.
it
Lit.
"on
the
first
occasion of finding
it,
which H. M.
cUd."
This seems to be the original meaning of the worci,
but " dedication " may be more exact here.
'-"
It is not clear whether the sacrifice was on the
'^
R.
Or perhaps "administering the earth for Him."
" House of Eternity " is a phrase for the endowment
estate of tomb or temple.
^' The indefinite pronoun probably, as
elsewhere, refers
^
1"
previous occasion, or the present.
It is not certain
'-'
hill-side
to the King.
'-
'^
hills
"
Regent
of the
B. substitutes "
ever and ever."
South and North Lands."
Who
'
|)
O§
.
Cf.
VL,
|
is
hale, blooming,
fl
U.
and strong
for
n
or possibly " tent of spreading."
(?)."
-'
or the like
is
meant
;
lie
be
The
south-east
rays
of
the
of
city,
near the tablets
Aton «ere upon him in life and
B has made mistakes here and
sculptor of
the signs in confusion.
left
x.xvii.
" Probably variegated matwork
wliich
P, Q, R, S.
-- Or " the
joy
whether this means the southernmost
of the river where J is, or the
on the east bank
/.(•.
that
the years granted by Aton.
King,
Queen
and
cltildren
together (in each other's hands).
The prayer seems
may
all
to
hve long
THE BOUNDARY STELAE.
"
My
oath of truth, which
and of which I
ever
"
my
it Ls
not say, "
will
dusiro to prouounce,'
false " eternally for
it is
:
The southern
which
on the eastern mountain
)'* It is the tablet of Akhetaton, (namely)
of Akhetaton.
this (one) by which - I have made ^ halt
I will not pass
beyond it* southwards, eternally |'^ for ever. Make the
tablet,
is
33
south-west tablet of Akhetaton to the north-west tablet on
the west mountain of Akhetaton, amounting to 6 a/er, |"
J and :} of a khe and 4 culjits, likewise exactly.
" And the j'-" area within these four tablets, from the
mountain
east mountain to the west
Akhetaton
is
south-west tablet opposite
on the western mountain of
it
proper self '
|-'
:
it
belongs to Father
meadows,
deserts,
(
in its
—mountains,
:
Hor-Aton
J
islands, upper-ground, lower-ground,
embankments, men, beasts, groves,
which the Atou my father shall (?) bring
land, water, villages,
Akhetaton, exactly.
on the eastern mountain of
Akhetaton. It is the tablet of Akhetaton by which I have
made j"* halt on the orient^ mountain of Akhetaton: I
and
beyond it orient-wards, eternally for ever.
Make the middle tablet which is (to be?) on the western
Aton my
mountain of Akhetaton opposite
Ukewise as the north-east boundary of Akhetaton, and shall
be set likewise on a tablet of stone as the south-west
"
The middle
tablet,
which
is
will not pass
it
exactly."
"
The north-eastern taljlct |" of Akhetaton, by which I
have made halt. It is the northern tablet of Akhetaton
:
beyond
T will not pass
Make
over.
it
the north
'
And Akhetaton
II
north
the
as
far
tablet on the east
6
and j
afer, h
of
|--
into existence eternally for ever.'"
" I will not neglect this oath which 1 have
father eternally for ever
boundary,
likewise
as
the
north-west
bo
(to
is
it,
T)
on the
its
exactly.
(extends) from the south tablet as
measured between tablet and
tablet,
mountain of Akhetaton, amounting to
Me and 4 cubits * ; likewise from the
spoiling
if
it
fall,
it
be
shall not be
(?)
.spoilt,
I will
|-^
if
renew
brought about.
the stela on
" I will
*
From
U
in
other
the
;
texts
no
afford
make" would
evident that Akhenaton
it is
remain personally
within the
was."
very fragmentary
;
F
is
destroyed, and
A
but B, which nmst have been the
(?)
is
of
(?)
wards eternally
°
8j^(N
B
S.
AAAAAA
'"
B
ater
Akhetaton opposite
:
it
tablet which
for over."
is
body"; perhaps
seems to read "from the west
sculptor,
and had
to
Ihj
"
B
(Plate xxxix.).
reads
is
" of
th(^
otliers " [mirth ]-
likewise
[on?]
Akhetaton
is still
Ainarnu, PI.
uncertain
;
the khr
is
uchiiiiiiin,
the scliucnium
According to Professoi' Petrie's map
xxxiv,
;
see
also
tliis
volume,
X
xxxiv.), the distance between the earlier stelue
"ives almost
4000
tiie
cubit.s to the ater,
and the
this to witliin a few cubits.
and
PI.
K
It is to
is
B
opposite V,
;
Akhetaton;
of
Akhetatoit
the south-west boundary of
(?)
middle
AkhetaUm
on the west mountain
of
the [north]-west b<iundary of
Akhetaton."
U
" north[we-st], " the
'B appears to give only " west,"
S seems to give only i-oom
others have lost the passage.
for " likewise [the north-west] of Akhetaton."
bo hoped
A
being opposite X,
on the
distance! X-.J
a precise measui'cment will bo taken. On the west
to F seems to correspond precisely
bank the distance
A
likewi.se
boundury
north-east
Akhetaton; likewise on
tliat
Tims measured, the length
;
on(?) the [east] bounilary [of]
likewise ou(?) the
the equivalent of the Greek
a hundred cubits.
to P,
to P).
east
was omitted by the
In S
upon the western
beyond it west-
1 will not pass
seems to read " west,"
length of whicli
would give
to its
(X
mountain of(?) Akhetaton." The
before the name of Akhetulou is pi-obably a mistake.
to the
likewise on the middle tablet
The
X
of the
and " north-
J), not in the desert
and U) "in regard
" bodil}'," "exactly."
written over
is
west."
to
month
The wording " the south
... on the east moun-
aler.
taken on the river (X to
on the western
the middle tablet which
Hiountiiin of Aklictaton
el
tirst
referred to, gives the following special varia-
Make
mountain
(Tell
8,
Royalty was in Akhet-
(-"
tablet as far as the north tablet
mountain
Akhenaton.
Of the texts on the west bank,
tablet here
of
.shall
west tablet," imply that the measurement on the east bank
be a possible translation.
the earlier decree
" east " only in these texts of
'^
is
it
tain," as opposed to the " south-west tablet "
but only not to increase the territory of Akhetaton.
word from the root meaning " suiu'iso," useil for
So
be missing,'^
it
which
U
J shows the same text as
A
'
If
washed
again afresh in the place in which
it
This oath was repeated in year
a
[^1
^
tion, "
of
out, it shall not be kicked, it shall not be struck with stones,
does not bind himself to
is
)'-'
tablet which
evidence.
^
boundary
'-
It shall not be erased, it shall not be
about 4.500 cubits to the
'
shall
oiiiissiou.
Read
limit,
to the
it
down-stream-wards, eternally for
Petrie's earlier copy of
'
|-^
be set on a tablet of stone as the south-east boundary,"
second season,' eighth day.'*
without
made
nay, but
;
Akhetaton.
western mountain of Akhetaton opposite
|18
things
all
F
ojiposito P.
considerably greater, giving
iBhh,
ichwh
compare
witii the si'nse
" The
gOYge
canrc also
" abortus."
in the
|
§
^
iKvurs
hymn
texts genoniliy iigieo in this dale, nui
!•'
K
(PuTUli:)
THE UOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAUNA.
34
iildii,
and Pharaoh L.P.H.
mounted
stood,
on a great
'
the
chariot of electrum, inspecting the tablets- of
Aton
which are on the mountain^ as the south-east lionndary of
Akhetaton.^
Un
" The six
tablets which I have fixed for bounilaries of
Akhetaton (are) the three tablets upon the orient mountain of Akhetaton together with the three tablets opposite
them [the south stela which is upon] the orient mountain
of Akhetaton measured to the south stela which is opposite
to it upon the western mountain of Akhetaton, becoming
the south boundary of Akhetaton and the north tablet
which is on the orient mountain of Akhetaton, measured
to the north (?) tablet, which is opposite [to it upon] the
western mountain of Akhetaton, becoming the northern
''
1
j
;
A, B, there
added
is
:
;
Year
fourth
8,
An oath
month
of the first season, last
pronounced by King
(
N.
f
A.
ilay.-'^
at the fixing of
1
jj
the tablets of [the] boundary of Akhetaton
:
boundary of Akhetaton likewise the middle tablet which
is upon the eastern mountain of Akhetaton measured to
the middle tablet which is opposite it upon the western
;
"
As Father (Hor-Aton
^ and
25)
<=^
'
1
1
:
gives
the curious date of the
mountain
"And
1
sixth year, first
(?)
The sculptor
of
'
B
liveth
J
month
of second season,
S
S omitted
:ind
day
had
4."
of
Akhetaton.
the breadth of Akhetaton
to insert it
There were by
time
this
S reads
east boundary.
many
tablets for the south-
probably for
I
as on the other
S has a larger space, perhaps originally left vacant.
reads " on the east mountain as the south (!) boundary."
>
B
fills
up the
Aton," and
I
/^^«A^
^
F
line with
with
" for the Father,
'"""^
fl
ll
|
^
the living
" established to eternity
....
?]
its
fno
Hor-Ato:in
fowl, all its people,
Aton produces, on which
?]
mountains
j, its
are in the
all
(?),
its cattle, all
his rays shine,
of
Akhetaton,
being for the Father, the living Aton, unto the
all ottered
to his ka, and his rays are beauteous
receive them."
;
they are
when they
*
and
for ever, for
is
A seems
to read
five,"
B
" six "
;
the latter
is
what
required.
(')
For the
is
the
to
O
the living Aton."
whicli
hea\'en
temple of Aton in Akhetaton for ever eternally
''
~
for Fathei-
things [which
all
[they
^
F
deserts,
its
'
things which the
tablets.
from mountain to
of
western horizon of heaven.
It shall be
-
is
the eastern horizon
mountain, from
rest
of
the
'
Read
**
The rays
date,
of
Aton
reach out to the otterings.
quite clear, I have Petrie's sujiport.
Nr
^
tlie
scenes end in hands wliich
3S
INDEX.
INDEX.
.•i6
PAGES
Inset stones
Island "
G, 23, 24, 2ri,
Atim distinguished
26
Para
I
.
Parapet
30
in Jubilees'
Petrie, Professor
Jubilei^ (see " Si'd-festiy;
")•
I
.
Pilasters
Portals
K.irnak
.
Kiosks
3,
9
KusH
21, 31
Lacau, M.
.
Lamps, niches for
Later remains
.
1,
.
tomb
„
of
Meketaten
Mensuration
Meryea
Merytaten
Mnevis-bull
Mummies
Museum, Cairo
„
Melljourne
MUTBENRET
.
.
2, 3, 4, 5,
Port-holes
.
Porticoes
.
Portraiture
.
9, 11
Pottery
8
Prayers
10, 11, 13, 10, 17
.
.
.
2,4,7,8,9.10,12.14,16,17
Princesses (see " Royal Family").
1,8, 12, 14, 24
Ptahmav
3
May
with double cornice
,,
3
,
Queen
9,
,
(see also "
Nepertiti
"
;
"Royal Family
")
10, 11
INDEX.
37
PLATES.
NOTE.
An
index to the
passages
of
the text which
will be
Erratum
:
On
found on pp.
are
exphmatory of the several plates
vii., viii.
Plate xxxiv. read Vertical Lines.
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