Absolute zero Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature

Absolute zero Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature

Absolute zero
Autor 11, Autor 21, Autor 32
Centro de Investigación en Energía,Temixco, Morelos; 2Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía, Temixco, Morelos
[email protected]
1
Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature where nothing could be colder and no heat energy
remains in a substance. Absolute zero is the point at which the fundamental particles of nature have
minimal vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanical, zero-point energy-induced particle
motion. By international agreement, absolute zero is defined as precisely; 0 K on the Kelvin scale,
which is a thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale; and –273.15 degrees Celsius on the Celsius
scale. Absolute zero is also precisely equivalent to; 0 degrees R on the Rankine scale (also a
thermodynamic temperature scale); and –459.67 degrees F on the Fahrenheit scale. While scientists can
not fully achieve a state of “zero” heat energy in a substance, they have made great advancements in
achieving temperatures ever closer to absolute zero (where matter exhibits odd quantum effects).
In 1994, the NIST achieved a record cold temperature of 700 nK (billionths of a kelvin).
In 2003, researchers at MIT eclipsed this with a new record of 450 pK (0.45 nK)..
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