Engineering

Transcripción

Engineering

La profesión del ingeniero
ALEJANDRO TERÁN C.
Razones para seleccionar II: Por gusto
“Las Mejores Universidades”, Reforma, Agosto 2005
Profesión del Ingeniero
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Razones para seleccionar II: Orientación
vocacional
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Razones para seleccionar II: Oportunidades de
empleo
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Actividades de un ingeniero
Un Ingeniero:
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Resuelve problemas (También los matemáticos).
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Realiza análisis (También los estadísticos y los economistas).
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Diseña sistemas y procesos.
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ABET definition of Engineering
Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of
the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by
study, experience, and practice, is applied with
judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically,
the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of
mankind.
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Professions
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Occupations commonly referred to as professions: law, medicine,
ministry, teaching, architecture, and engineering.
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Professions/vocations have some common characteristics:
– Associated with a profession is a great body of special knowledge.
– Preparation for a profession includes training in applying that
knowledge.
– The standards of a profession are maintained at a high level
through the force of organization or concerted opinion.
– Each member of a profession recognizes his or her responsibilities
to the public over and above responsibilities to clients or to other
members of the profession.
“What is Engineering?”, Notas del curso: Introduction to Civil Engineering, Southern
Illinois University, http://civil.engr.siu.edu/intro/default.htm
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Definición de Profesión
Profesión.
(Del lat. professĭo, -ōnis).
1. f. Acción y efecto de profesar.
2. f. Ceremonia eclesiástica en que alguien profesa en una
orden religiosa.
3. f. Empleo, facultad u oficio que alguien ejerce y por el que
percibe una retribución.
Real Academia Española de la Lengua, Diccionario de la Lengua Española, 22/e,
http://buscon.rae.es/diccionario/drae.htm
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Definición de Profesión
Pro·fes·sion
Pronunciation: pr&-'fe-sh&n
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English professioun, from Old French profession, from
Late Latin & Latin; Late Latin profession-, professio, from Latin, public
declaration, from profitEri
1 : the act of taking the vows of a religious community
2 : an act of openly declaring or publicly claiming a belief, faith, or opinion:
PROTESTATION
3 : an avowed religious faith
4 a : a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive
academic preparation b : a principal calling, vocation, or employment c
: the whole body of persons engaged in a calling
Merriam-Webster OnLine Dictionary, http://www.m-w.com/
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Definición de Profesar
Profesar.
(De profeso).
1. tr. Ejercer una ciencia, un arte, un oficio, etc.
2. tr. Enseñar una ciencia o un arte.
3. tr. Ejercer algo con inclinación voluntaria y continuación en
ello. Profesar amistad, el mahometismo.
4. tr. Creer, confesar. Profesar un principio, una doctrina, una
religión.
5. tr. Sentir algún afecto, inclinación o interés, y perseverar
voluntariamente en ellos. Profesar cariño, odio.
6. intr. En una orden religiosa, obligarse a cumplir los votos
propios de su instituto.
Real Academia Española de la Lengua, Diccionario de la Lengua Española, 22/e,
http://buscon.rae.es/diccionario/drae.htm
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Engineering: Comparison to Science
You see things; and you say "Why?" But I dream things that never
were; and I say "Why not?" —George Bernard Shaw
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Engineering is concerned with the design of a solution to a
practical problem.
– A scientist may ask "why?" and proceed to research the
answer to the question.
– By contrast, engineers want to know how to solve a problem,
and how to implement that solution.
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering
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Engineering: Parallels with the practice of medicine
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Professions that are pragmatic —
– Provide solutions to real world problems that often
– Require moving forward before phenomena are completely
understood in a more rigorous scientific sense.
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Engineering: Parallels with Art
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There are close connections between the workings of engineers
and artists;
– Direct in some fields, for example, architecture / landscape
architecture and industrial design,
– Indirect in others.
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Artistic and engineering creativity may be fundamentally
connected.
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Engineering: Major Branches (Top 15)
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Aerospace engineering
Agricultural engineering
Architectural engineering
Biomedical engineering
Computer engineering
Civil engineering
Chemical engineering
Electrical engineering
Environmental engineering
Industrial engineering
Materials engineering
Mechanical engineering
Petroleum engineering
Railway systems engineering
Software engineering
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A Professional Engineer
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A person engaged in professional practice of rendering service
or creative work requiring
– Education, training and experience in engineering sciences.
– The application of special knowledge of the mathematical,
physical, and engineering sciences.
Performs professsional or creative work as consultation,
investigation, evaluation, planning or design of public or private
utilities, structures, machines, processes, circuits, buildings,
equipment or projects, and supervision of construction for the
purpose of securing compliance with specifications and design
for any such work.
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Engineering: A Blend of Art and Science
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It calls for the systematic application of knowledge and skill according
to a set of rules.
Engineering requires ingenuity, craftsmanship, and judgment in
adapting scientific knowledge to practical purposes.
A principle engineering activity is problem solving.
– It involves a clear statement of the problem and a list of necessary
assumptions, the creation of a concept or device or system that
appears to meet the specified need, an analysis of the situation
based on established principles, a careful checking of the results,
and a set of conclusions or recommendations based on the facts.
– On the basis of limited information, the engineer must often design
for the unknown future. The ability to arrive at an original and
creative solution and predict its performance and cost is an attribute
of the modern professional engineer.
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Engineering: Uses Applied Science
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Science represents a body of accumulated, established, and systematized
knowledge.
Engineering is based on the fundamental sciences of physics, chemistry, and
mathematics.
– These basic sciences are extended into engineering sciences such as
materials science, mechanics, thermodynamics, and electrodynamics.
The word "science" is derived from the Latin word scire, which means "to know."
In contrast, the function of the engineer is "to do".
The scientist is concerned with adding to the store of knowledge.
The engineer brings science to bear on practical problems; the engineer is a
person of action.
The engineer uses science, but is not limited to scientific knowledge.
No one knows exactly how and why materials behave as they do, but, using
empirical data, the engineer is able to design efficient and safe structures.
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Engineering Purpose: To Benefit Mankind
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Engineering has as it's ultimate purpose the benefit of mankind.
An engineer should not receive complete satisfaction from the skillful
solution of a technical problem.
The contributions of the engineer have political, social, and aesthetic
implications far beyond the immediate technical results.
– A dam to harness the energy of a river in a remote canyon may
flood a wilderness area that plays an important role in people's total
existence.
– An efficient and cheap automobile engine that reduces the energy
problem may spoil the environment by polluting the air.
An engineer must be concerned with all aspects and consequences of
the work performed.
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Professional Ethics in Engineering
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There is a necessity for a statement of principles of professional
practice that would serve as a guide in personal conduct.
1906: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers appointed a
committee to draw up a code of ethics.
1963: The Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD)
adopted a detailed code of ethics that spelled out in considerable detail
the obligations of engineers to the public and to each other.
1977: A shorter code was approved by the board of directors of ECPD,
and it has since been adopted by most of the engineering societies.
ECPD, now ABET, also adopted and has modified a set of guidelines
for use with the Fundamental Code of Ethics.
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Obligations of Engineers
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Of particular interest to a beginning engineer is the obligation of
experienced engineers to make available their knowledge to others.
Only a minute part of your ultimate understanding will come as a result
of your own original work; by far the greatest portion will be received
from others in school, through engineering societies, and from other
engineers.
In turn, you will be obligated to make your contribution to the constantly
expanding store of knowledge.
Engineers also have an obligation to remain up-to-date by participating
in continuing professional development.
Engineers have met their professional obligations in varying degrees,
with regard to professional society membership, engineering
registration, and participation in continuing education.
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Engineering Code of Ethics: IIE
IIE endorses the Canon of Ethics provided by the
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology.
“Engineering Code of Ethics”, Institute of Industrial Engineers,
http://www.iienet.org/public/articles/details.cfm?id=79
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IIE Ethics: The Fundamental Principles
Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the
engineering profession by:
1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare;
2. Being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity the public, their
employers and clients;
3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering
profession; and
4. Supporting the professional and technical societies of their disciplines.
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IIE Ethics: The Fundamental Canons
1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in
the performance of their professional duties.
2. Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competence.
3. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful
agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.
5. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services
and shall not compete unfairly with others.
6. Engineers shall associate only with reputable persons or organizations.
7. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their
careers and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of
those engineers under their supervision.
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IEEE Code of Ethics
We, the members of the IEEE, in recognition of the importance of our technologies
in affecting the quality of life throughout the world, and in accepting a personal
obligation to our profession, its members and the communities we serve, do
hereby commit ourselves to the highest ethical and professional conduct and
agree:
1. to accept responsibility in making engineering decisions consistent with the
safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that
might endanger the public or the environment;
2. to avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible, and to disclose
them to affected parties when they do exist;
3. to be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data;
4. to reject bribery in all its forms;
“IEEE Code of Ethics”, Institute of Electrical and Electronical Engineers,
http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/mainsite/menuitem.818c0c39e85ef176fb2275875bac26c
8/index.jsp?&pName=corp_level1&path=about/whatis&file=code.xml&xsl=generic.xsl
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IEEE Code of Ethics
5. to improve the understanding of technology, its appropriate application,
and potential consequences;
6. to maintain and improve our technical competence and to undertake
technological tasks for others only if qualified by training or experience,
or after full disclosure of pertinent limitations;
7. to seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to
acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions
of others;
8. to treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race, religion,
gender, disability, age, or national origin;
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IEEE Code of Ethics
9. to avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by
false or malicious action;
10. to assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional development
and to support them in following this code of ethics.
Approved by the IEEE Board of Directors
August 1990
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Engineering

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