UNIT TWO WHAT PEOPLE DO

Transcripción

GIMNASIO VIRTUAL SAN FRANCISCO JAVIER
“Valores y Tecnología para la Formación Integral del Ser Humano”
UNIT TWO
WHAT PEOPLE DO
COMPETENCIES A
ND
PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS
COMPETENCIAS E INDICADORES DE
DESEMPEÑO
• The verb to have, el estudiante comprende el uso de el verbo tener y lo que
representa.
• Time (The hour), el estudiante lee e indica la hora en inglés.
• Family Members, el estudiante identifica los miembros de la familia.
• People´s physical appearance and personality, el estudiante identifica la
apariencia fisica y personalidad de un individuo y la describe.
• Wh questions, el estudiante conoce el manejo de las diferentes preguntas con
who, where... entre otras
• Plural of the nouns, el estudiante maneja y diferencia los pronombres en plural.
• This, these, that those
• Vocabulary
The verb to have
Forms of To Have
Past
Continuous
I / you / we / they
have
had
having
he / she / it
has
had
having
AVE is one of the most common verbs in the English language. It functions in
various ways.
AVE es uno de los verbos más comunes en Ingles, funciona de varias formas.
English.
H
Present
Sexto
To have as a main verb
As a main verb “to have” implies the meaning of possession.
For example: “I have a job.” “I have a car.“ "I don't have any time."
When it is used to indicate possession you can say "I have..." or you might see/ hear "I have
got..."
When you are talking about actions, you only use "have".
For example:
Possession:
I have a shower in my bathroom, I don't have a bath. = I have got a shower in my bathroom. I
haven't got a bath.
The action:
I have a shower every day. - I'm having a shower now.
! Note - it does not take the continuous form "I having" - for that you have to use the auxiliary
verb be.
For example: “I am having a shower.” “Are you having a good time?"
The forms of the verb “to have” are have and has for the present and had for the past.
Positive Statement (spoken)
Negative Statement (spoken)
English.
Question
Singular
Do I have...?
I have
I have not
Sexto
Have I got...?
(I've)
(I haven't/I've not)
He/she/it has
He/she/it has not
(He/she/it 's)
(He/she/it hasn't)
Do you have...?
You have
You have not
Have you got...?
(You've)
(You haven't/You've not)
have...?
I / He / She / It / You had
I / He / She / It / You had not
Had I / he / she / it /
(I'd / He'd / She'd / You'd)
(I / He / She / It / You hadn't)
Does he / she / it
have...?
Has he/she/it got...?
Did I / he / she / it
you got...?
Plural
Do we / you / they
have...?
We / You / They have
Have we / you / they (We've / You've / They've)
got...?
We / You / They have not
(We / You / They haven't // We've nof /
You've not They've not)
Do you have...?
You have
You have not
Have you got...?
(You've)
(You haven't/You've not)
Do they have...?
They have
They have not
Have they got...?
(They've)
(They haven't/They've not)
have...?
We / You / They had
I / He / She / It / You had not
Had we / you / they
(We'd / You'd / They'd)
(I / He / She / It / You hadn't)
Did we / you / they
English.
got...?
Sexto
Examples
Have
Have got
Question - ?
"Do you have a car?"
"Have you got a car?"
Positive Answer - Yes
"Yes, I have a car."
"Yes I've got a car."
Negative Answer - No
"No, I don't have a car."
"No I haven't got a car."
To have as an auxiliary verb
The verb “to have” is used as an auxiliary verb to help other verbs create the perfect tense auxiliary verb have [+ past participle].
For example, “I have read a lot of books,” or “I have never been to America,” or
"I have already eaten."
Present Perfect
I have
been a
You have
He / She has It has
teacher for
been a stu-
been a stu-
been nice
over 11
dent for ...
dent for ...
today.
We have been
students for....
They have
been students
for ...
years.
I had been a You had
He / She had It had
We had been
They had
teacher for
been a stu-
been nice
students for
been students
for several
several years.
for several
several
been a student for sev-
dent for sev-
Sexto
English.
Past Perfect
years.
eral years.
eral years.
hours.
years.
Future Perfect
I will have
been a
teacher for
several
years.
You will have He / She will
It will have
We will have
been a stu-
have been a
been nice
been students
dent for sev-
student for
for several
for several
eral years.
several years. years.
Question
years.
They will
have
been students
for several
years.
Positive Statement
Negative Statement (possible short forms)
You have been ...
You have not been ... (You haven't been ... //
(You've been ...)
You've not been ...)
Singular
Have you been...?
Plural
We / You / They have been
Have we / you / they
...
been...?
(We've / You've They've
been ...)
We / You / They have not been ...
(We / You / They haven't been ... // We've /
You've They've not been ...)
For example:
"Have you washed your face today?"
"Yes, I have."
"No, I haven't."
English.
Question - ?
Sexto
Question - ?
"Have you ever had a heart attack?"
"Yes, I'm afraid I have."
"No, thank goodness, I haven't."
The use of have to
In addition to the two forms, there is another use for have as a modal verb; have to or have
got to. This, of course, must be followed by another verb "We have to do something".
Have to
Question - ?
"Do you have to leave early?"
Have got to
"Have you got to leave early?"
Positive Answer - Yes "Yes I have to." or "Yes I do"
"Yes I've got to."
Negative Answer - No "No I don't have to."
"No I haven't got to."
To have something done
If something is done for you, in other words you haven't actually done it yourself; we use the
structure "to have something done".
For example:"I have my hair cut once every six weeks." (I don't cut my own hair, my hairdresser cuts it for
me.)
"My husband has the car serviced once a year." (He wouldn't have a clue how to service a
English.
modern car so, he takes it to the garage and they service it for us.)
Sexto
English.
Sexto
English.
Sexto
The time
Explanation
There are two common ways of telling the time.
Formal but easier way
Say the hours first and then the minutes.
Example: 7:45 - seven forty-five
For minutes 01 through 09, you can pronounce the '0' as oh.
Example: 11:06 - eleven (oh) six
More popular way
Say the minutes first and then the hours. Use past and the preceding hour for minutes 01 through
30. Use to and the forthcoming hour for minutes 31 through 59, but .
Example: 7.15 - fifteen minutes past seven
Example: 7.45 - fifteen minutes to eight
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes past' is: a quarter past
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes to' is: a quarter to
Another possibility of saying '30 minutes past' is: half past
English.
Example: 5:30 - half past five
Sexto
Watch
Note
Use o'clock only at the full hour.
Example: 7:00 - seven o'clock (but 7:10 - ten past seven)
In English ordinary speech, the twelve-hour clock is used.
Beispiel: 17:20 - twenty past five
For times around midnight or midday you can use the expressions midnight or midday / noon instead of the number 12.
Beispiel: 00:00 - midnight
Beispiel: 12:00 - midday or noon
To make clear (where necessary) whether you mean a time before 12 o'clock noon or after, you can
use in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening,at night. Use in the morning before
from afternoon to evening, from eveningto night and from night to morning depends on
your sense of time.
Sexto
English.
12 o'clock noon, after 12 o'clock noon use in the afternoon. When to change
Example: 3:15 - a quarter past three in the morning OR a quarter past three at
night
More formal expressions to indicate whether a time is before noon or after are a.m. (also: am - ante
meridiem, before noon) and p.m. (also: pm - post meridiem, after noon). Use these expression only
with the formal way of telling the time.
Example: 3:15 - three fifteen a.m.
It is not usual to use a.m. and p.m. with past/to.
Example: 3:15 - fifteen minutes past three OR a quarter past three
American English
Beside past Americans often use after.
Example: 06:10 - ten past/after six
But: in time expressions with half past it is not usual to replace past by after.
Beside to Americans often use before, of or till.
English.
Example: 05:50 - ten to /before /of /till six
Sexto
Family members
Vocabulario
the family - la familia
the mother - la madre
the father - el padre
the parents - los padres
the wife - la esposa
the husband - el esposo
daughter - la hija
son - el hijo
sister - la hermana
brother - el hermano
older brother - el hermano mayor
younger brother - el hermano menor
older sister - la hermana mayor
younger sister - la hermana menor
baby - bebe
grandparents - los abuelos
grandmother - la abuela
granma - la abuelita
grandfather - el abuelo
grandpa - el abuelito
relatives -los parientes
grandchildren -los nietos
granddaughter -la nieta
grandson -el nieto
aunt -la tía
English.
Vocabulario
uncle - tío
niece -la sobrina
nephew -el sobrino
mother-in-law -la suegra
father-in-law -el suegro
daughter-in-law -la nuera
son-in-law -el yerno
sister-in-law -la cuñada
brother-in-law -el cuñado
godparents -los padrinos
godfather -el padrino
godmother -la madrina
cousin (male) -el primo
cousin (female) -la prima
first cousin (male) -el
primo hermano
first cousin (female) -la
prima hermana
stepfather -el padrastro
stepmother -la madrastra
stepbrother -el hermanastro
girlfriend -la novia
boyfriend -el novio
Sexto
Sentences
Ella tiene dos hermanas.
She has 2 sisters.
Ella no tiene una hija.
She doesn't have a daughter.
Nosotros no tenemos abuelas en
Ecuador. - We don't have grandmothers in Ecuador.
grandson -el nieto
aunt -la tía
uncle - tío
niece -la sobrina
nephew -el sobrino
mother-in-law -la suegra
father-in-law -el suegro
daughter-in-law -la nuera
son-in-law -el yerno
sister-in-law -la cuñada
brother-in-law -el cuñado
godparents -los padrinos
godfather -el padrino
godmother -la madrina
cousin (male) -el primo
cousin (female) -la prima
first cousin (male) -el primo hermano
first cousin (female) -la prima hermana
stepfather -el padrastro
stepmother -la madrastra
stepbrother -el hermanastro
girlfriend -la novia
boyfriend -el novio
Pedro es el hermanastro de Juan. Pedro is Juan's stepbrother.
Ellos tienen tres primos hermanos. They have three first cousins.
English.
La suegra de Elena es amable. - Elena's mother-in-law is nice.
Sexto
People’s physical appearance and personality
Height
He is very tall.
He is short.
He is quite short.
He is normal height.
He is relatively normal
height.
English.
He is tall.
Sexto
She is skinny. (negative)
She is fat. (negative)
She is underweight.
She is overweight.
(negative)
(negative)
She is thin. (nega-
She is plump. (neu-
tive)
tral)
She
She is stocky. (neu-
is slim. (positive)
tral)
She is slender.
(positive)
She is bonny.
(positive)
English.
Build
Sexto
If a man is fat (especially round
the waist) we often say he has a beer belly.
!Note
Hair
brown hair
red hair
blonde
brunette
redhead
black hair
-
grey hair
-
English.
blonde/fair
hair
Sexto
Type of hair
She
has longhair. has shorthair.
+
She has long, She has short,
black hair.
black hair.
He has no
hair. = He is
bald.
-
She has long, She has short,
++
or
She has short
length hair.
length hair.
hair.
She has medium
She has medium
She has short,
length blonde hair.
length, red hair.
blonde hair.
She has medium
She has medium
length, straight,
length, wavy, red
straight, black
black hair.
hair.
blonde hair.
hair.
Her hair is
Her hair is medium
Her hair
is long,
straight and
black.
+
She has medium
straight,
Her hair
short, straight
and black.
-
She has medium
-
length, straight and is medium length,
blonde.
wavy and red.
She has short,
curly, blonde hair.
Her hair is short,
curly and blonde.
She wears glasses.
English.
She
Sexto
Other features
moustache
Bigote
beard
Barba
chin
Mentón
forehead
Frente
eyebrows
Cejas
cheeks
Cachete
fringe
Seño
lips
Labios
nostrils
Fosas Nasales
teeth
Diente
Type of complexion
light-brown skin.
He is white.
She is white. She
He has fair
has lightly tanned
skin.
skin.
She is white. She has very pale
has dark skin.
skin. She is very ugly
Sexto
English.
He is asian. He has She is black. She
Eyes
grey eyes
green eyes
blue eyes
brown eyes
dark eyes
! Note
This is a black
eye!
English.
Another example of the features or characteristics of the people and
the way you can use them!
Sexto
Wh-Questions
Wh- Questions allow a speaker to find out more information about topics. They are as
follows:
When?
Time
Where?
Place
Who?
Person
Why?
Reason
How?
Manner
What?
Object/Idea/Action
Which (one)?
Choice of alternatives
Whose?
Possession
Whom?
Person (objective formal)
How much?
Price, amount (non-count)
How many?
Quantity (count)
How long?
Duration
How often?
Frequency
How far?
Distance
What kind (of)?
Description
The “grammar” used with wh- questions depends on whether the topic being asked
about is the “subject” or “predicate” of a sentence. For the subject pattern, simply
replace the person or thing being asked about with the appropriate wh-word.
Sexto
English.
Other words can also be used to inquire about specific information:
(Someone has my baseball.)
Who has my baseball?
(Something is bothering you.)
What is bothering you?
For the predicate pattern, wh- question formation depends on whether there is an
“auxiliary” verb in the original sentence. Auxiliary or “helping” verbs are verbs
that precede main verbs. Auxiliary verbs are italicized in the following sentences.
I can do it.
They are leaving.
I have eaten my lunch.
I should have finished my homework.
To make a question using the predicate pattern, first form a yes/no question
by inverting the subject and (first) auxiliary verb. Then, add the appropriate whword to the beginning of the sentence.
(You will leave some time.)
…will you leave
When will you leave?
(He is doing something.)
…is he doing
What is he doing?
(They have been somewhere.)
…have they been
Where have they been?
(He is someone.)
…is he
Who is he?
(The meeting was some time)
…was the meeting
When was the meeting?
If there is no auxiliary and the verb is not “be,” add do to the beginning of the sentence. Then add the appropriate wh-question word. Be sure to “transfer” the tense and
number from the main verb to the word do.
Sexto
English.
If there is no auxiliary and the verb is “be” invert the subject and verb, then add the
appropriate whword to the beginning of the sentence.
(You want something.)
…do you want
What do you want?
(You went somewhere.)
…did you go (past tense)
Where did you go?
She likes something.)
…does she like (third person –s)
What does she like?
Plural of the nouns
Rules of formation:
A dog
A stamp
A computer
-s
in the plural:
two, three, etc. dogs
Stamps
Computers
English.
1) Most nouns simply add
Sexto
A bus
Buses
Classes
a class
A crash
Crashes
A match
Matches
3) Nouns that end in a consonant +
Boxes
English.
a box
-y change to ies in the plural
Sexto
cities
a city
Babies
a baby
Bodies
3') But if the noun ends in a vowel +
a monkey
A day
-y
the -y does not change
Monkeys
Days
English.
A body
Sexto
4) Many nouns that end in -f, in the plural change the f
then add es
to v
and
Halves
A half
a wolf
wolves
5) Many nouns are irregular in the plural.
Men
a man
A child
Women
English.
a woman
children
Sexto
Feet
A foot
This, these, that those
La dificultad creo que está en que en español hay muchas más posibilidades para decir
lo mismo, dado que no sólo debe coincidir el número, sino también el género (masculino y femenino), por ello, quizá al cerebro le cuesta hacer coincidir el adjetivo demostrativo español con su homologo inglés.
Advertencia: Las pronunciaciones entre corchetes son sólo aproximadas y tienen como único fin evitar que leas el inglés como el español.
English.
Veamos primero las equivalencias entre ambos idiomas:
 This [dis] significa: Éste, Ésta.
Sexto
That [dat] significa: Éso, ésa, aquello, aquella, aquel.
These [diis] significa: Éstos, éstas.
Those [dous] significa: Ésos, ésos, aquellos, aquellas.
Hasta aquí parece fácil, pero no lo es en realidad cuando debes decir oraciones tales
como: Esos libros son míos. ¿Cómo se dice? Sí, "Those books are mine". [dous buks
ar main]
En una clase de adultos, cansados ya los alumnos de no poder aprender estas estructuras, me sugirieron el personaje del "coco" de barrio sésamo para intentar recordarlas.
Algo así como. "Hola, soy "el coco" y hoy os voy a explicar: "this, that.."
Así que he decidido hacer algo semejante en este artículo, aunque con un coco de
verdad. En inglés se dice: "coconut"[kokonat].
La regla que vamos a recordar son las siguientes:
Cerca y una sola cosa-----> THIS
Lejos y una sola cosa-----> THAT
English.
Cerca y más de una cosa----> THESE
Lejos y más de una cosa----->THOSE
Sexto
Nota: Cuando digo "más de uno" no es sólo "2", sino 3, 4, 5, etc. ¿Lo recordarás?
Ahora los sonidos:
En todos los casos, la "th" suena como una "d" pero con la lengua entre los dientes.
Escucha a continuación los sonidos (deberás hacer clic en el enlace):
This [dis]. Este sonido aunque parece una "i", no lo es exactamente.Mira aquí el símbolo: "i" junto a las palabras "hit" y "sitting" y escucha cómo suena.
These [diis] Nota como el sonido "i" es más largo en "these".
That [dat]
Those [dous]
Ahora vayamos a los cocos que nos servirán de ejemplo:
English.
Éste coco:
Sexto
Míralo está cerca y es un solo, por tanto ¿es?
This coconut. [dis kokonat] Éste coco. Uno solo y cerca de ti.
**********************
Ahora, mira estos tres cocos. Son más de uno y están cerca de ti.
Por tanto, decimos: Thesecoconuts. [diis kokonats]Éstos cocos.
**************
English.
Ahora, imagínate que este coco está lejos, es el mismo coco pero le vemos más pequeño. Es uno solo y está lejos de ti.
Sexto
That cononut . [dat kokonat]. Ése/Aquel coco.
********************
English.
Finalmente, tenemos más de un coco (son tres) y están lejos de ti. Fíjate como son los
mismos cocos pero un poco más pequeños.
Those coconuts. [dous kokonats].Ésos/aquellos cocos.
Sexto
**************
Para recordar:
Una sola cosa cerca de ti=THIS
Más de una cosa cerca de ti= THESE
Una sola cosa lejos de ti=THAT
Más de una cosa lejos de ti= THOSE
Vocabulary
PARTS OF THE HOUSE
room
balcony
bathroom
bedroom
English.
HOUSE
habitación
balcón
baño
dormitorio
Sexto
dining room
living room
sitting room
garage
kitchen
basement
cellar
attic
study
toilet
door
doorbell
doormat
letter box
window
roof
chimney
staircase/stairs
flat (GB)
apartment (US)
comedor
salón
sala de estar
garaje
cocina
sótano
bodega
ático
estudio
toilette
puerta
timbre
felpudo
buzón
ventana
techo
chimenea
escalera
departamento
departamento
DINING ROOM
dining room
living room
table
chair
armchair
sofa / settee (GB)
floor
ceiling
rug
carpet
fireplace
radiator
lamp
light
curtain
wall
wallpaper
television
comedor
salón
mesa
silla
sillón
sofá
piso
techo
alfombra
alfombra fija
chimenea
radiador
lámpara
luz
cortina
pared
papel de pared
televisor
KITCHEN
cocina
heladera
horno
horno de microondas
lavavajillas
lavarropas
tabla de planchar
English.
kitchen
fridge
oven
microwave oven
dishwasher
washing machine
ironing board
Sexto
toaster
liquidizer (GB)
blender (US)
mixer
broom
sink
tap
waste bin
worktop
tea towel
frying pan
saucepan
pressure cooker
kettle
bowl
tin opener
corkscrew
fork
knife
spoon
teaspoon
cutlery drawer
cup
glass
saucer
jug
coffeepot
coffee maker
teapot
tablecloth
napkin
tostadora
licuadora
licuadora
batidora
escoba
pileta
canilla
tacho de basura
mesada
repasador
sartén
cacerola
olla a presión
pava
bol
abrelatas
sacacorchos
tenedor
cuchillo
cuchara
cucharita
cajón de los cubiertos
taza
vaso
plato
jarra
jarra para café
cafetera
tetera
mantel
servilleta
BATHROOM
baño
bañera
ducha
inodoro
bidet
lavabo, lavatorio
canilla
espejo
jabón
jabonera
toalla
toallero
alfombra de baño
papel higiénico
esponja
peine
cepillo
secador de pelo
champú
crema de enjuague
English.
bathroom
bath
shower
toilet
bidet
washbasin
tap
mirror
soap
soap dish
towel
towel rail
bath mat
toilet paper
sponge
comb
hairbrush
hair drier
shampoo
conditioner
Sexto
safety razor
electric razor
shaving foam
toothbrush
toothpaste
nailbrush
afeitadora
afeitadora eléctrica
crema de afeitar
cepillo de dientes
dentífrico
cepillo de uñas
BEDROOM
dormitorio
cama
mesita de luz
lámpara
guardarropas
cajonera
cajones
colchón
almohada
manta
sábana
edredón
colcha
reloj despertador
English.
bedroom
bed
bedside table
bedside lamp
wardrobe
chest of drawers
drawers
mattress
pillow
blanket
sheet
duvet
bedspread
alarm clock
Sexto

UNIT TWO WHAT PEOPLE DO

Transcripción

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