UNIT TWO PLANNING THE FUTURE Future with going to

Transcripción

GIMNASIO VIRTUAL SAN FRANCISCO JAVIER
“Valores y Tecnología para la Formación Integral del Ser Humano”
UNIT TWO
PLANNING THE FUTURE
COMPETENCIES
AND
PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS
•Future with going to.
•Present progressive with future meaning.
•Past progressive.
•Time clauses: while, when, as, as soon as.
•Compounds of some, any, no, every.
•Modal Could/Couldn´t
•Used to
•Would for request
COMPETENCIAS E INDICADORES DE
DESEMPEÑO
Future with going to
Discussing the future using going to
We say something is going to happen when it has already been planned.
For example:Q) Are you going to fly to Germansy?
A) No, we're going to drive.
We also use it to show something has already been decided.
English.
For example:"We're going to buy a new car next year."
We also use going to when we can see something is about to happen.
Octavo
For example:-
"Look at that cloud. I think it's going to rain."
"Watch out! He's going to crash into that tree!"
You can also use going to to predict the future based upon the evidence now.
For example:"It looks as though Manchester United are going to win the European cup.
"I think my friend Louise is going to have a baby."
!Note
Thanks to Ken Anderson for pointing out the following:"I'm going to Germany." isn't really the future tense. You would have to say "I'm going to go
to Germany."
Discussing the future using shall/will
When we give information about the future or predict future events that are not certain we
usually use shall/will.
Q) Who do you think will win the election?" A) "I'm not sure but I think the current party will
win."
Octavo
English.
For example:-
We can also use shall/will to make promises for the future.
When leaving work I would say - "Goodnight, I'll (I will) see you tomorrow."
Shall/Will is often used when we just decide to do something.
For example:The phone is ringing - If I decide to answer the phone I would say - "I'll (I will) get it."
It can also be used in formal situations to express planned events and is preferred in formal
written English.
For example:The party will start at 10.00pm.
.
Present progressive with future meaning
The present perfect simple tense is used to talk about a past time, which has very strong
meaning for the present.
English.
Present Perfect Simple Timeline
For example:
Octavo
Q) Where's Jane?
A) She has gone out. She should be back in an hour.
We form the present perfect simple by using the auxilliary verb have/has and the -ed form of
the regular verb (the past participle) irregular verb forms have to be learned:
Statements
Statements
+
-
Questions
Short answer
Short answer
+
-
I've worked.
I haven't worked.
Have I worked?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven't.
He's worked.
He hasn't worked.
Has he worked?
Yes, he has.
No, he hasn't.
She's worked.
She hasn't worked.
Has she worked?
Yes, she has.
No, she hasn't.
It's worked.
It hasn't worked.
Has it worked?
Yes, it has.
No, it hasn't.
You've worked.
You haven't worked.
Have you worked? Yes you have. No, you haven't.
We've worked.
We haven't worked.
Have we worked?
Yes we have.
No, we haven't.
They've worked. They haven't worked. Have they worked? Yes they have. No, they haven't.
The present perfect simple is used to discuss events that have just been completed at the
moment of speaking.
For example:
Q) Have you done your homework?"
It is often used to suggest that a past action still has an effect upon something happening in the
present.
Octavo
English.
A) "Yes, I've just finished it."
For example:
"The pound has fallen against the dollar."
It is also used to discuss unfinished time.
For example:
Q) Have you done your homework today?
A) No, I haven't done it yet.
Note - You are talking about today and today isn't finished, so you may do your homework
later!
Q) Have you ever been to England?"
A) "Yes I have."
Note - You are talking about something that has happened in your life and your life isn't
finished!
You can also use the present perfect to discuss something from the past but you don't want to
say exactly when.
For example:
Q) "Are you learning any languages?"
A) "Yes, I've begun to learn English."
This tense is often used to discuss events that have been happening over a period of time, but
aren't finished yet.
For example:
English.
Q) "How long have you studied English for?"
A) "I've studied English for 2 years now."
Octavo
However it is better (grammatically speaking) to use the Present Perfect Continuous to express
yourself in this way.
For example:
Q) "How long have you been studying English for?" A) "I've been studying English for 2 years
now."
!Note It is always for a length of time and since a point in time.
Past progressive
The Present Tenses
Present Simple
Present Simple
Used to say what
I always study English on Tuesday.
someone usually
does
Present Progressive/Continuous
Used to say what
I am studying English now
English.
Present Progressive
someone is doing
now
Octavo
Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect
Used to show
Simple
unfinished time
I have studied English twice this week.
Present Perfect Progressive/Continuous
Present Perfect
Used to say how

I have been studying English for 2 years.
Progressive
long someone has

I have been studying English since 1997.
been doing
English.
something.
The Past Tenses
Simple Past
Octavo
Simple Past
Used to show a

I studied English last Saturday.

I was studying English last Monday when
completed action
Past Progressive/Continuous
Past Progressive
Often used to say
when something
my friend rang.
was being done or
what was

I was studying English at 5pm last
Monday.
happening when
something else
happened
Past Perfect Simple
The past of have
done. Used to

I had done my English homework by 6.30
pm last Saturday.
say when
English.
Past Perfect Simple
something was
done by.
Octavo

I had done my English homework by the time I ate dinner last Saturday.
Past Perfect Progressive/Continuous

Past Perfect
The past of have
Progressive
been. Used to
30 minutes when my friend rang last
show how long
Saturday.
I'd been doing my English homework for
something was
done for by a
certain time.

I'd been doing my English homework for
30 minutes by 1 pm last Saturday.
The Future Tenses
The future can be indicated in several different ways in English. It is often created with the use
of auxiliaries: "She will be a student.", "She is going to drive a new car."
English can even create the future by using the simple present (used for timetables,programs
English.
etc.), "The train arrives at 10pm" or the present progressive (used for future plans), "He is
collecting his mother from the station tonight."
Simple Future (uses will or shall or going to + base form)
Octavo
Simple Future (Some
Decide to do
uncertainty)
something at the
I think I'll do my English homework tonight.
time of speaking
Simple Future
Have already
(Certain)
decided or
I am going to study English next Saturday.
arranged to do
something
Future Progressive/Continous (uses will be, shall be or going to be +-ing form)
Future Progressive
The English
(Some uncertainty)
lesson shouldbegin
I will be starting my English lesson at 7.30 pm.
at 7.30 and end at
9.15, so the
personshould be
studying at 7.30
English.
(but the lesson
might start late).
Octavo
Future Progressive
The English
I am going to be studying English when my friends
(Certain)
lesson begins at
arrive at 9.00 pm.
7.30 and ends at
9.15, so
he'scertain to be
studying when his
friend arrives at
8.00
Future Perfect Simple (uses will have or shall have + past participle)
Future Perfect
Used to say
I will have already done my English homework by
Simple
something will
the time I eat dinner on Saturday.
already be
complete by a
time.
Future Perfect Progressive/Continuous (uses will have been or shall have been + -ing
form)
Used to say how
I will have been studying English for 30 minutes
Progressive
long something
when my friends arrive.
English.
Future Perfect
will have been
happening in the
Octavo
future by a certain
time.
Some Examples
To break
To build
To buy
To die
To drink
To drive
To eat
To grow
To make
To spend
English.
To teach
To throw
To wear
Octavo
To win
Time clauses: while, when, as, as soon as
Compounds of some, any, no, every
What is a Phrasal Verb?
A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with
both an adverb and a preposition.
A phrasal verb has a meaning which is different from the original verb. That's what makes them
fun, but confusing. You may need to try to guess the meaning from the context, or, failing that,
look it up in a dictionary.
The adverb or preposition that follows the verb are sometimes called a particle. The particle
changes the meaning of the phrasal verb in idiomatic ways.
They are also known as „compound verbs‟, „verb-adverb combinations‟, „verb-particle
constructions", “two-part words/verbs‟ and „three-part words/verbs‟ (depending on the number
of words).
Phrasal verbs are usually used informally in everyday speech as opposed to the more formal
Latinate verbs, such as “to get together” rather than “to congregate”, “to put off” rather than “to
postpone”, or “to get out” rather than “to exit”. They should be avoided in academic writing.
others assume them to be part of one and the same construction, as both types are phrasal in
nature. So, unless you want to become a linguist, don't worry about it.
Octavo
English.
!Note - Some linguists differentiate between phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs, while
Literal usage
Many verbs in English can be combined with an adverb or a preposition, a phrasal verb used in
a literal sense with a preposition is easy to understand.

"He walked across the square.
Verb and adverb constructions are also easy to understand when used literally.

"She opened the shutters and looked outside."

"When he heard the crash, he looked up."
An adverb in a literal phrasal verb modifies the verb it is attached to, and a preposition links the
subject to the verb.
Idiomatic usage
It is, however, the figurative or idiomatic application in everyday speech which makes phrasal
verbs so important:

"I hope you will get over your operation quickly."
The literal meaning of “to get over”, in the sense of “to climb over something to get to the other
side”, is not relevant here. Here "get over" means "recover from" or "feel better".
Transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs also differ in their transitivity or intransitivity in the same way as normal verbs do.
English.
A transitive verb always has an object.
For example:-
Octavo

“Many people walked across the bridge.”
"Across" in this sentence is the preposition to "the bridge".
An intransitive verb does not have an object.
For example:
“When I entered the room he looked up.”
"Up" here is an adverb, and does not have an object.
Separable or inseparable phrasal verbs
A further way of considering phrasal verbs is whether they are separable or inseparable. In
inseparable verbs, the object comes after the particle.
For example:
"She got on the bus ."

"On weekdays, we look after our grandchildren."
Separable verbs have several ways of separating verb, particle and object. Usually, the object
comes between verb and particle.

"She looked up the word in her dictionary."

"She looked it up in her dictionary."
However, with some separable verbs, the object can come before or after the particle.
For example:-
Octavo
English.
For example:-

"Switch the light off."

"Switch off the light."

"Switch it off."
!Note - There is usually no way of telling whether they are separable, inseparable,
transitive or intransitive. In most cases you have to get a feel for them.
Modal Could/Couldn´t
The long and the short of it
Verb conjugation and contraction - in other words; "The short form".
In spoken English we use the short form a lot. We say things like: I'm / you're / didn't etc.
instead of I am / you are / did not etc.
We also use these short forms in informal written English. When we write in the short form, we
use an apostrophe (') for the missing letter(s).
Forms of the auxiliary verbs to be, to do and to have:To be - Simple Present Form
Long form
Short form
Negative Statement
Long form
Short form
I am
I'm
I am not
I'm not
He is
He's
He is not
He isn't or He's not
She is
She's
She is not
She isn't or She's not
It is
It's
It is not
It isn't or It's not
Octavo
English.
Positive Statement
You aren't or You're
You are
You're
You are not
We are
We're
We are not
We aren't or We're not
They are
They're
They are not
They're not
not
To be - Simple Past Form
Positive Statement
Long form
Negative Statement
Short form
Long form
Short form
I was
I was not
I wasn't
He was
He was not
He wasn't
She was
She was not
She wasn't
It was not
It wasn't
You were
You were not
You weren't
We were
We were not
We weren't
They were
They were not
They weren't
It was
---
To do - Simple Present Form
Long form
Negative Statement
Short form
I do
Long form
Short form
I do not
I don't
He does not
He doesn't
English.
Positive Statement
--He does
Octavo
She does
She does not
She doesn't
It does
It does not
It doesn't
You do
You do not
You don't
We do
We do not
We don't
They do
They do not
They don't
To do - Simple Past Form
Negative
Positive Statement
Long form
Statement
Short form
Long
Short
form
form
I / he /
she / it I / he /
I / he / she / it / you / we / they did
/ you / she / it /
---
we /
you / we /
theydid theydidn't
not
To have - Simple Present Form
Long form
Short form
Negative Statement
Long form
Short form
I have
I've
I have not
I haven't or I've not
He has
He's
He has not
He hasn't or He's not
Octavo
English.
Positive Statement
She hasn't or She's
She has
She's
She has not
It has
It's
It has not
You have
You've
You have not
We have
We've
We have not
They have
They've
They have not
not
It hasn't or It's not
You haven't or You've
not
We haven't or We've
not
They
haven't or They've not
To have - Simple Past Form
Long form
I / he / she / it / you / we /
they had
Short form
Negative Statement
Long form
Short form
I'd
I hadn't or I'd not
he'd
he hadn't or he'd not
she'd
it'd
you'd
I / he / she / it / you /
we / theyhad not
she hadn't or she'd not
it hadn't or it'd not
you hadn't or you'd not
we'd
we hadn't or we'd not
they'd
they hadn't or they'd not
The long and short forms of the modal verbs can, could,
shall, should, must, will and would
Can
Octavo
English.
Positive Statement
Positive Statement
Long form
they can
Negative Statement
Short
form
---
Long form
Short form
I / he / she/ it / you / we /
they cannot
theycan't
Could
Positive Statement
Long form
they could
Negative Statement
Short
form
---
Long form
Short form
they could not
theycouldn't
Must
Positive Statement
Long form
they must
Negative Statement
Short
form
---
Long form
Short form
they must not
theymustn't
Shall
Long form
Negative Statement
Short
form
---
Long form
Short form
Octavo
English.
Positive Statement
they shall
they shall not
theyshan't
Should
Positive Statement
Negative Statement
Short
Long form
Long form
form
---
they should
Short form
I / he / she / it / you /
they should not
we / theyshouldn't
Will
Positive Statement
Long form
they will
Negative Statement
Short form
Long form
Short form
I'll
I won't or I'll not
He'll
He won't or He'll not
She'll
I / he / she / it / you / we
It'll
/ theywill not
You'll
She won't or She'll not
It won't or It'll not
You won't or You'll not
We'll
We won't or We'll not
They'll
They won't or They'll not
Would
Negative Statement
Short
Long form
form
Long form
Short form
I'd
I wouldn't or I'd not
they would
He'd
theywould not
He wouldn't or He'd
She'd
not
Octavo
English.
Positive Statement
It'd*
She
You'd
wouldn't or She'd
We'd
not
They'd
It wouldn't or It'd
not*
You
wouldn't or You'd
not
We wouldn't or We'd
not
They
wouldn't or They'd
not
* Not "good" English, but you will hear occasionally.
The imperative
Let Us
Let us is a funny one. The only time I've ever heard the long form of "Let us..." used is when
the vicar used to say "Let us pray." It's much more likely you'll hear or see the contracted form
"let's". "Let's do this," no "Let's do that instead," and the sarcastic "Oh yes, let's."
Long form - rarely used
Let us
Negative Statement
Short
Long form - used by
form
pompous people
Let's
Let us not
Short form
Let's not
English.
Positive Statement
Used to
Octavo
Used to something
The use of used to do is explained here. However, used to has another meaning, it can be
used as an adjective and we use it to talk about things that have become familiar, and are no
longer strange or new.
Used to usually comes after verbs such as be, get or become.

After a while you get used to the noise.

She will become used to the smell.

I was used to the web site.
You can also say that someone is used to doing something.

I'll never get used to getting up at six o'clock in the morning.

It took me a while until I was used to driving on the right-hand side of the
road.
'Used to' or 'use to' vs would
I was asked on Pal Talk recently how to use used to and would.
If we say something used to happen we are talking about repeated events and actions in the
past, usually things that happened a long time ago and are now finished.
To express this we can use either used to or would.

When I was young I used to play with my dolls. = When I was young I would
English.
play with my dolls.
Of course I no longer play with dolls!

We used to go out a lot in the summer.
Octavo
Implies that we no longer go out much.
If you want to talk about repeated states or habits in the past, you must use used to, you
cannot use would : :

My dog used to bark at cats.

I used to smoke.

I used to be an administrative assistant.

I used to live in England.
You should use 'use to' without a d in sentences when it follows 'did' or 'didn't' (don't worry
too much about this because lots of people get it wrong).
The question form is „Did you use to…?'. When asking a closed question you put did/didn't in
front of the subject followed byuse to, you cannot use would.

Did you use to go out with my sister?

Did they use to own the company?

Didn't we use to go to the same school?
Also when asking questions about states in the past you cannot use would.

What sort of things did you use to like when you were young?
. In the negative you cannot use would without a change in meaning.

I didn't use to play with my dolls.
If I said I wouldn't play with my dolls. It would mean I refused to play with my
dolls.
We didn't use to go out much in the winter months.
If I said we wouldn't go out much. It would mean we refused to go out much.
Octavo
English.

!Note - The general rule is when there is did or didn't in the sentence, we say use
to (without d) when there is no did or didn't in the sentence, we say used to (with d).
There is also a difference between "used to do something and to be used to something".
Would for request
Remember It
Expressing likes and dislikes
Describing people, places and things
Offering, accepting and refusing
Learn It
To Like, To Look Like, To Be Like
The questions:What does he like?
What does he look like?
What would he like?
What is he like?
How is he?
What is the difference between these questions?
English.
Check here!
Like
As a verb like can mean to enjoy or approve of.
Octavo
For example:"I like your new car."
Like can also mean similar to or in the same way.
For example:Q. "What does he look like?" - A. "He looks like his brother."
The expression would like is used when we make requests and offers.
For example:"I' d like another glass of wine, please."
However "What is he/she/it like?" is a specific question about the personality of
someone or the attributes of something, here you do not use like in the answer.
For example:Q. "What is he like?" - A. "He is very nice."
Q. "What is it like?" - A. "It is very reliable."
Some answers (about me):What you
would ask
My answer
What do you I like tea and coffee, I also like wine and beer. I
like to drink? don't like alcopops.
Octavo
English.
The question
What do I like
to drink?
What do I like
to eat?
What do you I like pasta and pizza, I also like fruit. I don't like
like to eat?
fatty meat.
I am medium height and a little overweight. I
What do I look What do you have long dark hair, a fair complexion and hazel
look like?
eyes. Some people say that I am attractive, but I
like?
don't think I am.
Who do I look
like?
Who do you Some people say I look like Nana Mouskouri. I
look like?
don't think I do.
I think I am quite nice. My husband says that I
What am I
like?
What are you am impatient, but I don't think I am. I think that I
like?
am very patient. A lot of people say that I have a
good sense of humour.
What is my
What is your It's quite small. It has a kitchen, bathroom, living
house like?
house like?
English.
room and two bedrooms.
!Note
Octavo

Like is not normally used in the continuous form, you shouldn't say "I am liking ...".
Test It
Test what you have learnt - Enter the correct question
Practise It
On the forum - Tell me about a friend of yours.
This is a song that illustrates to be like.
Print Version - Thanks to Ali (aka GSMTG), you can print this lesson out here.
Next lesson - Lesson 43 Happy Families #1
English.
Previous Lesson - Lesson 41 Travel and Transport
Octavo

UNIT TWO PLANNING THE FUTURE Future with going to

Transcripción

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