Gall midges (Díptera: Cecidomyiidae) of the Iberian Península

Transcripción

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 20 (1-2): 1996: 41-61
ISSN: 0210-8984
Gall midges (Díptera: Cecidomyiidae) of the
Iberian Península
M. Skuhravá, V. Skuhravy, J. Blasco-Zumeta & J. Pujade
ABSTRACT
A total of 240 gall midge species are known from the Iberian Península since
1900, 118 from Portugal, 199 from Spain and 30 from Andorra. A total number of
78 species occur both in Spain and Portugal and 16 species in all three countries; 46
species were described by Tavares. In this work, the blbliographical references from
gall midges fauna of Portugal, Spain and Andorra are mentioned as well as new
references for this countries. Finally, the occurrence of gall midges Peninsular fauna
is compared with their presence in other European countries.
Key words: Gall midges, Cecidomyiidae, Iberian Peninsula, fauna, distribution,
zoo.geography.
RESUMEN
Cecidómidos (Díptera: Cecidomyiidae) de la Península Ibérica.
Desde el año 1900 hasta la actualidad se conocen un total de 240 especies de
cecidómidos de la Península Ibérica, de las cuales 118 se han encontrado en Portugal,
199 en España y 30 en Andorra. Un total de 78 especies han sido citadas tanto en
España como en Portugal y 16 en los tres países; 46 especies fueron descritas por
Tavares. En este trabajo, se recopilan las citas de la fauna de cecidómidos de Portugal,
España y Andorra y se aportan nuevas citas para los tres. Finalmente se compara la
fauna peninsular de cecidómidos con la de otros países europeos.
Palabras clave: Cecidomyiidae, Península Ibérica, fauna, distribución, zoogeografía.
INTRODUCTION
Summarizing the available knowledge of the fauna of a given área is
essential to render such information useful for further research on the
distribution of species in biogeographical provinces and to solve
zoogeographical problems. This is why we have decided to go through the
42
scattered Information about the gall midge fauna of Spain and Portugal and
publish the results in the present paper.
After a short history of research on gall midges in the Iberian Peninsula,
we give a list of the species recorded from Spain, Portugal and Andorra,
accompanied by a map illustrating the áreas where gall midges have been
collected (figure 1). At the end we discuss the results and the number of
species found in the Iberian Peninsula, and evalúate the role of Professor
Tavares and other scientists in the development of the study of gall midges
in Spain and Portugal.
Study área
The Iberian Peninsula, with a surface of about 580,000 km2, lies in the
South-West of Europe, between the Atlantic ocean and the Mediterranean
sea including three countries, viz. Portugal, Spain and Andorra. From a
biogeographical point of view, it is divided into two provinces, the
Eurosiberian área, in the north-west, and the Mediterranean Province, which
comprises the rest of the peninsula (UDVARDY, 1975). The vegetation includes
(RIVAS-MARTÍNEZ, 1987) six phytosociological classes: Juncetea trifidi, ElymoSeslerietea, Vaccinio-Piceetea, Pino-Juniperetea, Querco-Fagetea and
Quercetea ilicis.
Material and methods
For this paper we have analysed all the available literature about the
occurrence of gall midges. New unpublished data concerning the área of
study (mainly belonging to NE Iberian Peninsula) are given. The nomenclature
of gall midges is based on SKUHRAVÁ (1986; 1989), and that of host plant
species on TUTIN et al. (1964-1980).
History
The Iberian Peninsula was until 1900 «térra incógnita» from the point of
view of the study of gall midges and their galls, and there was no information
on the occurrence of the species of this group. Trotter was the first to study
cecidomyiids in the Iberian Peninsula; results concerning Portugal are
summerized in TROTTER (1899; 1900; 1902), and those from Spain in TROTTER
(1902). STROBL (1906) found five species of the subfamily Lestremiinae in
Spain. The period between 1902 and 1907, which saw the publication by
Rdo. J. da S. Tavares of many papers about this group, can be considered the
«golden age» of the studies of galls and gall midges. The most important
papers are «As zoocecídias portuguezas» with «Addenda» (both in 1902)
and «Synopse das zoocecídias portuguezas» (1905), with «Addendum» (1907).
Some information about the occurrence of the galls was published several
years later (TAVARES, 1913; 1914a; 1914b). The most important papers dealing
with these midges in Spain were published by TAVARES in the period 19161924 (see references).
Gal! midges of the Iberian Península
43
Figure 1: The lerritory of the Iberian Península including data about occurrence of gall migde
species found in various áreas in the period from 1899 to 1994, acoording to bibliographic references. (Detail information see in text.)
Figura 1: Datos bibliográficos sobre la presencia de agallas de especies de Cecidomíidos halladas
en diferentes áreas en el período de 1899 a 1994. (Información detallada en el texto.)
Tavares described 47 gall midges as new species. He is one of the best
specialists in this group in southern Europe. His situation was not easy. After
the 1910 revolution in Portugal, he lived as an exile, four years in Brazil and
then in Spain (in Tuda, Galicia), without access to either his large collection
of galls and adults or his extensive library, which included all the necessary
literature. It is understandable, therefore, that he should have described several
gall midge species later found to be identical with species which had already
been described from central Europe.
In Portugal nobody studied the gall midges after the death of Tavares in
1931, whereas in Spain several papers were published about this group (GARCÍA
MACEIRA, 1911; LÁZARO 1917; CODINA, 1920; COGOLLUDO, 1921; VILARRÚBIA,
1936). The most important paper from this time is that of COGOLLUDO (1921).
Research restarted, after a seventy-year gap, with PUJADE (1990), MORRAL et
al. (1993 a; 1993b; 1993c), SYLVÉN (1993) and SKUHRAVÁ, BLASCO-ZUMETA &
SKUHRAVY (1993).
GALL MIDGE SPEC1ES
HOST PLANT SPEC1ES
OCCURRENCEIN
Spain Portugal Andorra
TAVARES (1907; 1919); COGOLLUDO ( 1 9 2 1 )
TAVARES (1921; 1931)
HOUARD (1917)
TAVARES (1907)
TAVARES (1902; 1921)
TAVARES (1902; 1905); COGOLLUDO ( 1 921);
VILARRÚBIA (1936)
TAVARES (1902; 1905); COGOLLUDO (1921);
MOHN (1966)
SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993)
TAVARES (1902; 1921); COGOLLUDO (1921)
TAVARES (1902; 1921); COGOLLUDO (1921);
VILARRÜBIA (1936); SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993)
TAVARES (1902; 1922); TROTTER (1902);
COGOLLUDO (1921); VILARRÚBIA (1936)
TAVARES (1902; 1909; 1921)
TAVARES (1921); VILARRÚBIA (1936)
TAVARES (1905)
TAVARES (1902; 1907; 1909)
TAVARES (1902); STROBL (1906)
TAVARES (1902); STROBL (1906)
TAVARES (1902: 1909; 1916); COGOLLUDO
(1921)
COGOLLUDO (1921)
TAVARES (1902); VILARRÚBIA (1936)
V l L A R R Ú B I A (1936)
TAVARES (1931); SKUHRAVÁ er al. (1993)
TAVARES (1920)
TAVARIÍS (1902; 1916); COGOLLUDO (1921)
TAVARES (1902)
TAVARES (1931)
TAVARES (1903; J916); COGOLLUDO (1921)
TAVARES (1904; 1919)
REFERENCES
LIST OF GALL MIDGES (CECIDOMYIIDAE) FROM THE IBERIAN PENÍNSULA
Subfamily: Cecidomyiinae
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
U.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Suaeda vera J.F. Gmel.
Lythntm salicaria L.
Thymus sp.
Thymits sp.
Suaeda vermicittata Forsk.
La vándala stoechas L.
Ulex europaeus L.
Verbascum nigrum L.
Ruta montana Clus.
Cytisux scoparitts (L.) Link.
Scrophiilaria canina L.
Acodiplosis pulicarias Kieffer, 1913
Pulicaria adora Rchb.
Ametrodiplosis nivea Tavares, 1916
Prunella vulgaris L.
Thalictrum flavum L.
A. thalictricola (Rübsaamen, 1895)
Arceitthomyia valerií (Tavares, 1904)
Juníperas oxycedrits L.
Arnoldiola quercits (Binnie, 1877)
Quercits robur L.
(= A. que reina Tavares, 1920)
Q. h u milis Mili, and Q, faginea Lam.
Adenocarpus telonensis (Lois.)
Asphondylia adenocarpi Tavares, 1902
A. borzi (Stefani, 1898)
Rhamnus alaternas L.
A. calycotomae (Kieffer in Houard, 1912) Calycolome spinosa (L.)
A. conglomérala Stefani, 1900
Atriplex Italinius L.
Coronilla emerus L.
A. coronillae (Vallot. 1829)
A. cylisi Frauenfeld, 1873
Cytisits albus Link.
A. dorycnii (Müller, 1870)
Dorycniítm pentaphyüitm Scop.
A. ervi Rübsaamen, 1896
Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray
Genista faicata Brot.
A. genistae (Loew, 1850)
A. melanopus Kieffer, 1890
Lotus corniculatiis L.
Mentha roíundifolia (L.) Huds.
A. menthae Kieffer, 1901
A. ononidis F. Lów, 1873
Ononis tridentata L.
Ononis spinosa L.
Chamacspartiiim tridentatum L.
18. A. pterosparti Tavares, 1902
19. A. rutae Kieffer, 1909
20. A. sarorhamni Loew, 1850
21. A. scrophulariae Schiner, 1856
(-A. scroptiularina Tavares, 1919)
A. serpylli Kieffer, 1898
A. suaedae Kieffer, 1909
A. ravaresi (Rübsaamen, 1916)
A. w//fíj Trail, 1873
A. verbasci (Vallot, 1827)
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. Baldratia salicorniae Kieffer, 1897
28. B. suaedae Mohn, 1969
29. Bayerióla salicarias (Kieffer,
30. B. ihymicola (Kieffer. 1888)
31. Blastodiplosis cocciferae (Tavares, 1902) Queráis coccifera L. and Q. ilex L.
inquiline of Ametrodiplosis thalictricola
(Rübs.)
Origanuní virens Hffg.
Phillyrcíi inedia L.
Pimpinella villosa Schousb.
35. Ctinodiplosis ci lie rus (KielTcr, 1889)
phytosaprophagous species on many
(=AleÉhediplosis pu/c/iriconüs Tav., 1916) host planes
36. Coniarinia anthobia (F. Low, 1877)
Crataegus monogyna Jaq.
37. C. caiiiphorosmae (Ta vares, 1920)
Camphorosma monspeHaca L.
40. C lainii KicíTer, 1909
41. C ¡oti (De Geer, 1776)
43. C. iiíi.ttin-rii (Kieffer, 1888)
(= C. rtuleralis (Kieffer, 1890)
- C. pontevedrensis Tavares,1916
= C. gal laica (Tavares, 1916)
= C. ludensis Tavares, 1916)
44. C. peno/i (Kieffer, 1898)
45. C. pimpinellae Tavares. 1902
46. C. pin Tavares, 1922
47. C. que reina (Rübsaamen, 1890)
(- C. cjitaesiía Tavares, 1916)
48. C. ntniicina Tavares, 1919
49. C. nunicis (Loew, 1850)
50. C. scapetrii (RUbsaamen, 1889)
51. C. scrophulariae Kieffer, 1896
52. C. silenei Tavares, 1916
53. C. tiliantm (Kieffer, 1890)
54. C. vitícola Rübsaamen, 1906
55. Craneiobia corni (Giraud, 1863)
56. Cysliphorcí sanguínea (Bremi, 1847)
(= C. hicracü F. Low, ! 874)
57. C. sonchi (Bremi, 1847)
Scrophiilaria nudosa L.
Suene sp.
Tilia platyphyllos Scop. and
T. cordata Mili.
Vitis vinifera L.
Comas sanguínea L.
Hieracium piloseUa L.
var. pulchellum Sch.
Sonchus oleráceas L. and
5". lenerrimus L.
Fraxinus excelsior L.
Wo/« adórala L.
Salix alba L.
TAVARES (1916)
TAVARES (1902; 1919)
TROTTER (1902); TAVARES (1902; 1907;
1924); COGOLLUDO (1921); VILARRÚBIA
(1936)
TAVARES (1916; 1920)
TAVARES (1902; 1905)
TAVARES (1920); COGOLLUDO (1921);
COGOLLUDO (1921)
TROTTER (1902); TAVARES (1902; 1921);
TAVARES (1920); COGOLLUDO (1.921)
TAVARES (1902, 1905, 1909, 1921)
TAVARES (1902; 1905); HOUARD (1 9 17);
COGOLLUDO (1921)
TAVARES (1902; 1919); COGOLLUDO (192L)
TAVARKS (1922)
TAVARES (1916; 1922; 1 931); COOGOLLLIDO
(1921)
TAVARES (1919)
TAVARÜS (1905)
TAVARES (1902; 1905; 19 19); COGOLLUDO
(1921)
TAVARES (1903; 1905)
TAVARES (1916); COOGOLLUDO (1921)
COGOLLUDO (192 1)
TROTTBR (1902); COGOLLUDO (1921)
TAVARES(1902; 1905; 1921)
TAVARES(1902; 1909; L921; 1931)
TAVARES (1905)
GALL MIDGE SPEC1ES
HOST PLANT SPECIES
O C C U R R E N C E [N
+
+
+
Pninella vulgaris L.
Euphorbia cyparissias L.
Cerasthtm glomeratum Thuill.
Salix sp.
Salix babylonica L
Coronilla valentina L.
Aspenda cynanchica L. and
A.cynanchica ssp aristata L.
Thalictruin flanini (L.)
Erica ciiiaris L.
bntneüae (Kieffer, 1909)
capsúlete (Kieffer, 1901)
certiA-tii (Binnie, 1877)
clavifex ( K i e f f e r , 1891)
cluusilia (Bremi, 1847)
coronillae (Tavares, 1902)
era reí e g i (Winnertz, 1853)
+
+
+
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D,
D.
Daphne gnidiitm L.
Urtica dioica L.
Erica itmbellata L.
Erica arbórea L. and E. erigena R. Ross
*
*
*
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
daphnes (Kieffer, 1901)
dioicae (RübsíUimen, 1895)
elegans (Tavares, 1907)
ericaescopariae (Dufour, 1837)
Salix purpurea L
Gíiliuin palustre L.
Hypencum perforatum L.
Que re us ilex L.
Salix sp.
Hederá helix L.
Lithospennum officinale L.
Pyruti mallín maliis L.
Salix alba L.
Astragalus lusitanicus Lam.
Haiiinium heteropyUum Spach and
Halimium alyssoides (Lam.)
Eroanuu moscnatum (L.) L'Her
D.
D.
D.
D.
D. heterobia (Loew, 1850)
D. hygrophila (Mik, 1883)
D. hyperici (Bremi, 1847)
D. ilicis (Tavares, 1919)
D. kítrxclii (Kieffer, 1 8 9 ] )
D. kit'JJ'eri (Marchal, 1896)
D. lilhospenni (Loew, 1850)
D. malí (Kieffer, 1904)
D. marginemtorquens (Bremi, 1847)
D. mariae Sylvén, 1993
75.
76.
77.
78.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
REFERENCES
TAVARES (1902; 1905; 1919); COGOLLUDO
(1921)
TAVARES (1902); VII.ARRÚBIA (1936)
TAVARKS ( i 904)
TAVARES (1902; 1909; 1919); HOUARD
(1917), COGOLLUDO (1921)
TAVARES (1920)
TAVARES (1902; 1905)
TAVARES (1905)
TAVARES (1909)
TAVARES (1902)
(1921); VILARRÚBIA (1936)
TAVARES(1907; 1909; 1920)
TAVARES (1902; 1905; 1921); HOUARD
(1917); VILARRÚBIA (1936)
SYLVÉN(1993)
TAVARES (1903; 1905; 1909; 1921; 1931);
COGOLLUDO (1921)
TAVARES (1902; 1905; 1909; 1919);
COGOLLUDO (1921)
(1921)
TAVARES(1902)
TAVARES(1902)
TAVARES ( 1 9 1 9 ; 1920)
COGOLLUDO (1921); TAVARES (1924)
COGOLLUDO (192 I)
SYLVÉN (1993)
1 19.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
112.
113.
114.
I 15.
1 16.
1 17.
118.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
vicíete (KielTer, 1888)
vicicula (Tavares, 1905)
vincae (KielTer & TroUer, 1904)
vittlae (F.Lóvv, ] 880)
rilieie (Schrank, 1803)
trijolii (F. Lóvv, 1874)
irotieri (Tavares, 1902)
¡ubicóla (KieíTer, 1889)
uirioiuim (Kieffer & Trotter, 1904)
ulniaria (Bremi, 1847)
idmlcola (Kieffer, 1909)
urticae (Perris, 1840)
D.scorpii (Kicffer, 1909)
D.se ratina (Winnertz, 1853)
D. sisyinbrii (Schrank, 1803)
D. squamosa (Tavares, 1919)
O. subpatula (Bremi, 1847)
D, tenninalis (Loew, 1850)
D. teiicrii (Tavares, 1903)
O. inedicaginis (Bremi, 1847)
D. odoratae Stelter, 1982
D. oleaa (F. Low, 1885)
D. oxyacantkae (Rübsaamen, 1914)
(= D. (tyensix Tavares, 1922)
D. /jfl/i/f/í (KielTer, 1909)
ü. periclymeni (Rübsaamen, 18S9)
D. pierrei (KielTer, 1896)
D. pliccnrix (Loew, 1850)
D. popitleti (Rübsaamen, 1889)
D. pyri (Bouché, 1847)
D. ranunculi (Bremi, 1847)
D. rhododendri KielTer, 1909
D. rosaría (Loew, 1850)
D. rosinarini (Tavares, 1902)
127.
128.
129.
130.
Queráis robar L.
Lonicera periclymcnum L.
Salix aurita L.
Ritbus caesius L.
Populus trémula L.
Pyrus commitnis L.
Ranunculus repens L.
Rhododendran ferntgineum L.
Salix alba L.
Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Linum ussitaximum L. ssp angustifoliurn
(Huds.)
Genlsta scorpius (L.)
Hypericum linarifoliuin Vahl.
Sisymbrium trio L.
Qtiercits robur L.
Salix fragilis L.
Teucnum scorodonia L. and
Teitcrhim salviastrum Schreber
Tilia platypkyííos Scop.
Trifolium repens L.
Cytisus ülbus Link.
Sarothamnus scoparíits L.
Asparagits acitiifolius L.
Filipéndula ulniaria (L.) Max.
Ulnius minar Mili.
Única dioica L.
TAVARES (1920)
TAVARHS(1902; 1905; 1921)
TAVARÜS (1907; 1909; 1921)
TAVARES (1902; 1905; 1909; 1931)
TAVARES ( 1 9 3 1 )
TAVARES (1921)
TAVARiis(1902; 1905)
TAVARES (1902; 1905; 1916; 1922);
COGOLLUDO (1921)
TAVARKS (1902)
TAVARES (1902; 1909; 1921); TROTTER
(1902); HOUARD (1917); COGOLLUDO (1921);
V l L A R R Ú B l A (1936)
TAVARES (1914; 3921)
TAVARES(1919)
TAVARES (1905; 1921; 1931)
TAVARES(1931)
TROTTER (1902); COGOLLUDO (192I);TAVARES
(1902; 1905; 1909; 19 16); COGULLUDO (1921);
TAVARES(1902; 1905; 1909; 1921)
TROTTER (1902); TAVARES (1902);
TAVARES (1914; J921)
TAVARES (1905; 1907)
132. Dicrodiplosis pseudococci (Felt, 1914)
GALL M1DGE SPECIES
zoophagous on Hom., Coccoidea:
Pianococcus cilri Risso
HOST PLANT SPECJES
Genista piloscí L.
Ge/lisia tinctoriíi L. and Echinospartum
lusilanicum L.
Lotus pendiculcitiis Cav.
Medicago sativa L.
Bryonia crética L.
Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link
Populus ¡remitía L.
Populus nigra L.
Populus tremida L.
Fagas sylvarica L.
¡nula saücina L.
Salix sp.
Galiitm mol I ligo L., G.inollugo ssp
erectum Huds., G. vcrrucositm Huds.
and G. broterianum Bss. et Reui.
zoophagous on Hei., Tingidae:
Stephanitis pyri F.
Hyperictim pulchnim L.
biology unknown
Quercus ilcx L. and Quercus súber L.
? Que re its cerris L.
Quercus coccifera L.
Hcinnandia cavernosa (Rübsaamen, 1899)
H. globuli (Rübsaamen, 1889)
H. treniulae (Wínncrtz, 1853)
Harligiola annulipes (Hartig, 1839)
¡nulomyia subterránea (Frauenfeld, 1861)
Iteomyia capreae (Winnertz, 1853)
D. dubia Tavares, 1906
D. lichtenxieini (F. Low, 1878)
136. Drvomyia circinans (Girand, 1861)
137. D. cocciferae (Marchal, 1897)
138.
139.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
J. losicola (Rübsaamen, 1899)
J. incflÍL-ttginis (Rübsaamen, 1912)
J. párvula (Ucbel, 1899)
J. sarotluwuii Rübsaamen, 1917
150. Juíipiclla hryoniae (Bouclié, 1847)
1 5 1 . J. cncuball (Kieffer, 1909)
(= ./. ciiciihíilina Tavares, 1919)
152. J. genistamtorqueiis (Kieffer, 1888)
153. J. genisticola (F. Low, 1877)
154.
155.
156.
157.
OCCURRENCEIN
REFERENCES
HARRIS (1968)
TAVARES (1919); COÜOLLUDO (1921);
TAVARES (1924); SKUHRAVÁ ei ai. (1993)
COGOLLUDO (1921)
TROTTER (1902); TAVARKS (1902; 1905;
1921; 1924); COGOLLUDO (1921);
V l L A R R Ú B I A ( 1936)
TAVARES (1906)
TROTTER (1902); TAVARES (1902; 1905);
HOUARD (1913); COGOLLUDO (1921);
V l L A R R Ú B I A (1936)
1916; 1921);
TAVARES (1921)
COGOLLUDO (1921)
TROTTER (1902); TAVARES (1902; 1905;
1909; 1931); HOUARD( 19 17); COGOLLUDO
(1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936)
T A V A R E S ( 1 9 0 2 : 1905; 1920)
TAVARES (1919); COGOLLUDO (1921)
159.
1 60.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
Janeria cerris (Kollar, 1850)
JanetieUa lemeei (Kieffer, 1 904)
J. maculara lavares, 1902
J. oenophila (Haimhofen, 1875)
J. thymi (KLeffer, 1888)
J. tuberculi (Rübsaamen, 1889)
Kiefferia pericarpiicola ( B r e m i , 1847)
(= Schizomyia pimpinellae F.Low, 1877)
Kiefferiola panteli (Kieffer, 1909)
Kochiomya kochiae (Kieffer, 1909)
Lasioptera berlesiana Paoli, 1907
L. carophila F. Lów, 1874
? Quercus cerris L.
Lffmiis minar Mili.
Cytisits eilbus Hacq.
Vitis vinifera L.
Thymits serpyllum L.
Cytisus scopariits (L.) L i n k
Pimpinelta sp.
Quercus faginea Lam.
Kochia prostrata L.
Olea europaea L.
Cariun carvi L., Daucits carota L.,
Foenicidum vulgare Mili, and
Bupteurum fruticescens L.
Eryngium campestre L.
L. eryngii (Vallot, 1829)
170.
L. hyperici (Tavares, 1919)
L. marini (Tavares, 1919)
L. que reina (Tavares, 1922)
L. queráis (Tavares, 1919)
Macrodiplosis dryobia (F.Low, 1877)
171. L. populnea Wachtl, 1883
172. L. rubí (Schrank, 1803)
173. Lesiodiplosis aestiva (Tavares, 1916)
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
Macrolabis aquilegiae (Kieffer, 1909)
M. brunellae Tavares, 1907
Hippocrepis carnosa L.
Hypericum perforatum L.
Scrophularia scorodonia L.
various species of Gramineae
Quercus robur L., Q .petraea (Mait.)
and Q.humiiis Mili.
Pop u lux ¡remitía L.
Riíbiis sp.
i n q u i l i n e oíAmetrodiplosis thaliclricola
(Rübs.)
i n q u i l i n e of Geactypta braueri (Hand.)
biology unknovvn
inquiline of Contarinia que reina (Rübs.)
inquiline of Dasineura squamosa (Tav.)
Quercus robur L., Q. petraea (Matt.),
Q. humilis Mili., Q. faginea Lam. and
Q. pyrenaica Willd.
180.
181.
179. M. volvens Kieffer, 1895
182.
M. heraclei (Kaltenbach, 1862)
(= M. tamujana Tavares, 1922)
M. hippocrepidis KLeffer, 1898
M. marteli Kieffer, 1892
A/, scrophulariae Tavares, 1906
Mayetiola destructor (Say, 1817)
183.
184.
185.
186.
TROTTER (1902); HOUARD (1917); TAVARES
(1902; 1909; 1921); COGOLLUDO (1921)
COGOLLUDO (1921)
TAVARES (1902; 1919); COGOLLUDO ( 1 9 2 1 )
TAVARES (1902; 1921)
TAVARES (1903)
TAVARES (1902; 1905; 1921)
TAVARL-.S (1902; 1905; 1909; 1914);
VILARRÚBIA (1936)
HOUARD (1906; 1908)
(1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936)
COGOLLUDO (] 92 I); TAVARES (1931);
VILARRÚBIA (1936)
COGOLLUDO(1921)
COGOLLUDO ( 1 9 2 1 ) ; TAVARES (1924; 1931)
TAVARES ( 1 9 1 6 )
TAVARES (1919)
TAVARES (1919)
TAVARES (1912)
TAVARES (1919)
TAVARES (1907; 1909; 1916; 1931);
TAVARES (1905; 1907; 1909;
VILARRÚBIA (1936)
TROTTER (1902)
TAVARES (1907; J909; 1919); COGOLLUDO
(1921)
TAVARES (1922)
TAVARES (1906; 1907; 1922)
TAVARES (193 I); ALFARO(!955); LÓPE-ZB R A N A t T f l / , (1933); M O R R A L f / < 7 / . (1993a);
MORRAL el al. (1993b); MORRAL el al.
(I993c)
Fagus sylvatica L.
HOST PLANT SPECIES
MitíolafagiQtoxü& 1839)
Salsola verm¡culata L.
Buxus sempervirens L.
Erica arbórea L.
ínula conyza DC
GALL MIDGE SPECIES
187.
Misospatha salsolas Tavares, 1924
Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank, 1776)
Myricomyia mediterránea (F. Low, 1885)
Neomikiella beckiana (Mik, 1885)
Oligotrophus juniperinus (Linnaeus,
J758)
Juníperas communis L.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193. O. panteli Kieffer, 1898
Phegomyia fagicola (Kieffer, 1901)
Planeiella arenarias (Rübsaamen, 1899)
Polystepha queráis Kieffer, 1897
Probniggmatiella phillyreae (Tavares,
OCCURRENCE 1N
REFERENCES
COGOLLUDO (1921); TAVARES (1931);
V ] L A R R Ú B i A ( L 9 3 6 ) ; PujADE(1989; 1990)
TAVARES (1924); SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993)
TAVARES (1914)
V l L A R R Ú B I A (1936)
HIERONIMUS (1890); TROTTER (1902);
TAVARES
TAVARES
TAVARES
TAVARES
V l L A R R Ú B I A ( 1936)
TROTTER (1902); TAVARES (L902);
Neitroterus quercusbaccarum
Fagus sylvatica L.
Carex arenaria L.
Quercus robur L.
(1905; 1919)
(1921)
(1931)
(1924)
Pliillyrea angustifolia L.
Tamarix anglica Webb
Tamarix anglica Webb.
Olea europaea L.
Artemisia campestris L.
Artemisia vulgaris L.
Artemisia herba-alba Asso
Santolina rosmarinifolia L. and S.
chamaecyparissus L.
TAVARES (1902; 19O5; 192 I ); VILARRÚBIA
(1936); SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993)
COGOLLUDO (1921); TAVARES (1922);
TAVARES (1907; 1924)
TAVARES (1914)
TAVARES (1903; 1905)
COUTIN & KATLABI (1986)
TROTTER (1902); COGOLLUDO (1921)
TROTTER (1902); TAVARES (1903);
COGOLLUDO (1921); VILARRÜBTA (1936)
TAVARES (1904; 1920); COGOLLUDO (1921),
VILARRÜBTA (1936); S K U H R A V Á et al. (1993)
SKUHRAVÁ er a}. (1993)
194. O. sabinae Kieffer. 1898
J umpé rus sabina L.
195. Ozirhincus anthemidis (Rübsaamen, í9\5)Anthemis colilla L.
Chamaemelum nobile L.
196. O. longicoüis Rondaní, 1840
Achillea ageraíum L.
197. O. miilefolii (Wachtl, 1884)
Tanacetum vulgare L. and Amhemis
198. O. tanaceti (Kieffer, 1889)
(= O. hispánicas Mohn. 1968)
pedunculara Desf. ssp tuberculara Boiss.
199. Parallelodiplosis galliperda (F.Low,1889) inquiline of Hym., Cynipidae:
200.
201.
202.
203.
Psectrosema provincialis Kieffer, 1912
P. tamaricis (Stefani, 1902)
Resseliella oleisuga (Targ.-TozeC.,1 886)
Rhopalomyia artemisias (Bouché, 1834)
R. baccarum (Wachtl, 1883)
1907)
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209. R. hispánica Tavares, 1904
210. R. mUlefolii (Loew, 1850)
211. R. navasi Tavares, 1904
212. R. producticeps Kieffer, 1 9 1 2
213. R. saniolinae Tavares, 1902
214. R, lavares! Gagné, 1975
215. R. tubifex (Bouché, 1847)
216. Sackenomyia reaumurii (Bremi, 1847)
(- Oligorrophus solmsii Kieffer, 1905
217. Schizomyia galiorum Kieffer, 1889
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
S. parva (Tavares, 1919)
Spurgia capitigena (Bremi, 1847)
Stefanietla brevipalpis Kieffer, 1898
5. trinacrinae Stefani, 1900
Stefaniola bilobata (Kieffer, 1913)
S. gloma Mohn, 1971
218. Spartíomyia martinsi (Tavares, 1902)
224.
226.
Taxomyia taxi (Inchbald, 1861)
S. vastita Móhn, 1971
225. S. salsolae (Tavares, 1904)
227.
228. Thecodiplosis brachyntera (Schwagr.
1835)
Trísopsis hyperici Tavares, 1919
229.
230. Wachtliella encina (F. Lów, 1885)
W. riparia (Winnertz, 1853)
231. W. persicarias (Linné, Í767)
232.
Zeuxidiplosis giardi (Kieffer, 1896)
233. W. rosanim (Hardy, 1850)
234.
Subfamily: Lestremünae
235.
Campylomyza fusca Winnertz, 1870
(- C. obscura Winnertz, I 870)
236. Cordylomyia rudis (Winnertz, 1853)
(= Campylomyza fuscinervis Winnertz,
1870)
237.
Carocha ¡atipes Haliday, 1833
238. Lestremia cinérea Macquart, 1826
(- Lestremia fusca Meigen, 1830)
Gongromastix andorrana Enderlein, 1936
G. angustipennis (Strobl, 1904)
239.
240.
Galium mol I ugo L., G. mol lugo ssp
erectum Huds. and G.lucidum All. ssp
lucidum
Echinoxparíum lusiíaniciim L.
Atriplex halimus L.
Atriplex halimus L.
Salsola vermiculata L.
i n q u i l i n e of Stefaniola salsolae (Tav.)
A nabasis articulara (Forsk.) Moq.
Taxus baccata L.
Pinas syívestrís L.
zoophagous on Geocrypta braueri
(Hand.)
Erica herbácea L,., E. australis L. and
E. arbórea L.
Polygonum amphibium L.
Carex riparia L.
Rosa sp.++
biology u n k n o w n
TROTTER (1902); TAVARES (1902; 1921);
COOOLLUDO(1921)
TAVARES (1902; 1916)
TAV ARES (1931)
TAVARES (1905)
TAVARES (1931); SKUHRAVÁ el ai. (1993)
MÓHN (1971); SKUHRAVÁ eral. (1993)
MÓHN (1971)
TAVARES (3904; 1914; 1919); MÓHN (1971),
CoooLLUDO(1921); VILARRÚBIA (1936),
SKUHRAVÁ el al. (1993)
MÓHN (1971)
TAVARES ( L 9 I 9 )
COGOLLUDO (1921); VlLARRÜBtA (1936)
TAVARES (1902; 1905; 1909; 1920);
COGOLLUDO(1921)
STROBL(1906)
STROBL(1906)
TAVARES (1905)
TAVARES (1902; 1905; 1921; 193L);
COOGOLLUDO(1921)
TAVARES (1902)
biology unknown
biology unknown
ENDERLEIN (1936)
STROBL(1906)
biology unknown
bioJogy u n k n o w n
biology u n k n o w n
(+) According to bibliographic references. (*) Faunistic novelties. Data from J. Pujade; Thecodiplosis brachyntera (Schwagr., 1835) leg. J. Baixeras, del. M. Skuhravá.
(?) Dubious data. The p l a ñ í species is not native of the Iberian P e n í n s u l a .
52
DISCUSSION AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY
There are records of 240 valid gall midge species from the Tberian
Península, 199 species have been found in Spain, 118 in Portugal and 30 in
Andorra. 78 gall midge species, i.e. 32 % of the total, occur both in Portugal
and in Spain, 16 species occur in Portugal, Spain and Andorra. These may be
considered comrnon species. It is interesting to find that the number of species
recorded from Portugal is rather high if we compare it with the list of species
found in Spain, whose área is about two and half times that of Portugal.
The level of research in different áreas of the Iberian Península is uneven
(figure 1). Among the best-explored áreas in Portugal are the Lisbon área
(Arrábida and Setúbal), where 36 gall midge species were found, the Serra
da Estrela and Covilha (38 species) and the Gerés National Park (40 species).
From other Portuguese localities we know between 5 and 20 species: Portimao
in the South; Torres Yedras, Porto, Gástelo Branco, Funda, Sao Fiel and
Coimbra in the central área; Braga, Moncao and several other localities in
the north. 124 species have been recorded, in all, from the relatively small
territory of Portugal.
In Spain, Galicia, in the north-west, is one of the best-explored regions.
About 50 species have been found there, near Tuda, Santiago and other
localities. 31 species are known from Catalonia, 19 from the province of
Zaragoza and 18 from the área around Zumárraga, near San Sebastián, in the
north of the country. 29 gall midge species have been recorded from Madrid,
and 17 from Toledo. Several species have been found here and there, in the
north, the centre and the south of Spain, but most of the country, from the
Portuguese border to the east and to the south, remains unexplored.
Finally, many new records are given for Andorra which greatly enlarge
the only two species known until present.
The current level knowledge about the gall midge fauna of the Iberian
Península, with its 240 species, can be considered average. By way of comparison, 240 species are known from Bulgaria (SKUHRAVÁ, SKUHRAVY, DONCEV
& DIMITROVA, 1991, 1992), about 300 from Rumania (SKUHRAVÁ, SKUHRAVY
& NEACSU, 1972) and the former Yugoslavia (SKUHRAVÁ & SKUHRAVY, 1964),
and more from the central European countries, for example 360 species from
Poland (SKUHRAVÁ, SKUHRAVY & SKRZYPCZYNSKÁ, 1977; SKUHRAVÁ & SKRZYPCZYNSKÁ, 1983), 384 from Austria (SKUHRAVÁ & FRANZ, 1989; SKUHRAVÁ &
SKUHRAVY, 1967; 1991-1992; 1992; 1995), 350 from the Slovak Republic
(SKUHRAVÁ, 1991) and 500 from the Czech Republic (SKUHRAVÁ, 1994).
The gall midge fauna may be evaluated from the point of view of the
larval feeding habits (SKUHRAVÁ, SKUHRAVY & BREWER, 1984). The cecidomyid
species found in the Iberian Península belong to two groups: the first one
includes the majority of the species, which are both gall producers and also
inquilines in the galls of other insects, and the second one includes the
zoophagus species. About 75 gall midge species (30 %) are associated with
trees and shrubs and cause galls on various organs, mainly on leaves. Only
three gall midge species belong to the group of species with zoophagous
Gal! midges of the Iberian Península
53
larvae which prey on other insects, including gall midges. Only one species,
Mayetiola destructor (Say) is known to occur, from time to time, as a pest of
various cereals (ALFARO (1955) and LÓPEZ-BRAÑA et al. (1993)). No species
developing on trees and shrubs are known to be injurious in the Iberian
Península (MORRAL, 1993c), in contrast to the situation of central Europe,
where several gall midge species occur as serious pests (SKUHRAVY &
SKUHRAVÁ, 1993).
The composition of the gall midge fauna of the Iberian Peninsula is a
direct result of the vegetation and plant communities, characterised by the
relative predominance of maquis o ver forest, and of the orographic and climatic
conditions. The gall midge fauna of the Iberian peninsula will be evaluated
from the zoogeographical point of view in an independent paper.
Research on the gall midge fauna of the southern European countries is
far from over. Future research will no doubt lead to the discovery of species
known to occur in neighbouring countries and to the description of new
species.
The Spanish gall midge fauna can be compared with that of Italy, especially in the case of the more southerly áreas. More than 180 species are
known (SKUHRAVÁ & SKUHRAVY, 1994), so far, from the south of Italy, if we
include the islands of Sicily (50 species) and Sardinia (8 species). More than
a quarter of these nave not been found in southern Spain, and, on the other
hand, about one quarter of the species found in southern Spain nave not been
recorded from Italy.
The evaluation of our present knowledge shows that further intensive
study of the gall midge fauna of Spain, Italy and other Mediterranean countries
is necessary, although the present level of knowledge about the Iberian fauna,
with its 240 species, is comparable with that about other European countries
with a relatively high level of knowledge.
LIST OF HOST PLANT SPECIES ATTACKED BY GALL MIDGES
Here is included a relation (in alphabetical order) of the plant hosts mentioned in this study and the 222 phytophagous of gall midges species cited in
the Iberian Peninsula. A total number of 110 plant genus are susceptible of
being infected by this Cecidomyiidae.
HOST PLANT
Achillea ageratum L.
Adenocarpus telonensis (Lois.)
Alyssum alyssoides (L.)
Anabasis articúlala (Forsk.) Moq.
Anthemis peduncidara Desf. ssp tuberculata Boiss.
Anthemis cotilla L.
Anthrocneitm fritticosum (L.)
Aquilegia vutgaris L.
CECIDOMYIIDAE
(197) (210)
(6)
(61)
(226)
(198)
(195)
(27)
(180)
54
M. Skuhravá, V. Skuhravy, J. Blasco-Zumela & J. Pujade
HOST PLANT
Artemisia herba-alba Asso
Artemisia vulgaris L.
CECIDOMYIIDAE
(215)
(209) (211) (212) (214)
(208)
Asparagus acutifolius L.
Asparagus apiíyilus L.
(207)
(123)
(64)
Aspe rula cynanchica L.
(65)
Astragalus lusitanicus Lam.
Atriplex halimus L.
Bryonia crética L.
Bupleurum frútice scens L.
Buxus sempervirens L.
Calycotome spinosa (L)
Camphorosma monspeliaca L.
Carex riparia L.
Carex arenaria L.
Carum carvi L.
Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.
Cornus sanguínea L.
Coronilla valentina L.
Coronilla emerus L.
Corylus avellana L.
Cucubalus baccifer L.
Cytisus albus Hacq.
Cytisus albus Link
Chamaemelum nobile L.
Chamaespartium tridentatwn L.
Daphne gnidium L.
Daucus carota L.
Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop.
Echinospartum lusitanicum L.
Erica arbórea L.
Erica australis L.
Erica ciliaris L.
Erica erigena R.Ross.
Erica umbellata L.
Erica herbácea L.
Erodium moschatum (L.) L'Her.
Eryngium campestre L.
Fagus sylvatica L.
Filipéndula ulmaria (L.)Max.
Foeniculum vulgare Mili.
Fraxinus excelsior L.
Galium sp.
(94)
(9) (220) (221)
(150) (156)
(169)
(189)
(8)
(37)
(232)
(201)
(169)
(70)
(55)
(73)
(10)
(38)
(36) (74) (98)
(151)
(20) (50)
(121) (161)
(157) (164)
(11)
(196)
(18)
(75)
(169)
(12)
(153) (218)
(78) (131) (190) (230)
(230)
(67)
(78)
(77)
(230)
(79)
(170)
(69) (116) (219)
(147) (187) (200)
(124)
(169)
(58) (81)
(82)
Gall midges of the Iberian Península
HOST PLANT
Galiitm broterianum Bss. et Reut.
Galium aparine L.
Galium lucidum AU. ssp lucidum
Galium mollugo L.
Galium palustre L.
Galium verrucosiim Huds.
Genista pilosa L.
Genista scorpius (L.)
Genista ünctoria L.
Genista fálcala Brot.
Gramineae
Halimium commutatum Pau
Halimium heteropyüum Spach
Halimium alyssoides (Lam.)
Hederá heüx L.
Heracleum sphondyliitm L.
Hieracium pilosella L. var. piilchelliim Sch.
Hippocrepis carnosa L.
Hypericuin perforatum L.
Hypericum linarifolium Vahl.
Hypericum pulchrum L.
ínula conyza DC
ínula salicina L.
Juniperus communis L.
Juniperus oxycedrus L.
Juniperus sabina L.
Kockia prostrata L.
Lamiiim maculatum L.
Lavandula stoechas L.
Linwn ussitasimum L. ssp angustifolium (Huds.)
Lithospennum officinale L.
Lonicera periclymenum L.
Lotus corniculatus L.
Lotus pendiculatus Cav.
Lythnim salicaria L.
Medicago sativa L.
Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds.
Olea europaea L.
Ononis tñdentata L.
O ñoñis spinosa L.
Origanum virens Hffg.
Phillyrea angustifolia L.
Phillyrea media L.
Pimpinella sp.
Pimpinella villas a Schousb.
Pinus sylvestris L.
Polygonum amphibium L.
Populus nigra L.
55
CECIDOMYIIDAE
(142)
(63)
(217)
(142) (217)
(86)
(142)
(152)
(112)
(153)
(14)
(186)
(62)
(83)
(83) (84)
(90)
(182)
(56)
(183)
(87) (184) (234)
(113)
(141)
(191)
(148)
(192) (193)
(4)
(194)
(167)
(40)
(24)
(111)
(91)
(100)
(15) (41)
(41) (154)
(29)
(95) (155)
(16)
(97) (168) (206)
(17)
(17)
(33)
(109) (203)
(34)
(165)
(45)
(228)
(231)
(145)
M. Skuhravá, V. Skuhravy,J. Blasco-Zumeta & J. Pujade
56
HOST PLANT
Popidus trémula L.
Prunella vulgaris L.
Pteridiwn aquilinum Kuhn.
Pulicaria odora Rchb.
Pyrus commitnis L.
Pyrus communis pyraster L.
Pyrus malus malus L.
Queráis cerris L. ?
Que rcus coccifera L.
Qiiercus faginea Lani.
Queráis humilis Mili.
Quercus ilex L.
Quercus petraea (Matt.)
Quercus pyrenaica Willd.
Quercus robur L.
Quercus súber L.
Ranunculus repens L.
Raphaniis raphanistrum L.
Rhamnus alaternus L.
Rhododendron ferrugineum L.
Rorippa islándica (Gunn.)
Rosa sp.
Rosmarinas officinalis L.
Rubiis sp.
Rubus caesius L.
Ritmex sp.
Rumex acetosella L.
montana Clus.
L.
aiirita L.
babylonica L.
Salix fragilis L.
Salix purpurea L.
Salsola rosmarinifolia L.
Santolina chamaecyparissus L.
Santolina rosmarinifolia L.
Sarothamnus scoparius L.
Scrophularia scorodonia L.
ScropHularia canina L.
Scrophularia nodosa L.
Suene sp.
Sisymbrium trio L.
Sonchus oleraceus L.
Sonchus tenerrimus L.
Suaeda vera J.F. Gmel.
Suaeda vermiculata Forsk.
CECIDOMYIIDAE
(44)(103) (144)(146) (171)
(2)(68) (181)
(80)
(1)
(104)
(46)
(92)
(136)(159)
(31) (137)
(5)(166)(178)
(5) (178)(179)
(31)(39) (42)(88)(139)
(178) (179)
(178)
(5)(47)(99)(115)(178)(179) (202)
(139)
(105)
(143)
(7)
(106)
(43)
(233)
(108)
(172)
(102)
(49)
(48)
(19)
(71)(89)(110)(149)
(60)(93)(107)
(101)
(72)
(117)
(85)
(135)
(134)(188)(222)(223)(225)
(133)(213)
(213)
(122)
(185)
(21)
(51)
(52)
(114)
(57)
(57)
(28)
(23)
HOST PLANT
Tamarix anglica Webb.
Tanacetwn vulgare L.
Taxus baccata L.
Teucrium salviastrum Schreber
Teucrium scorodonia L.
Thalictrum flavum L.
Thymus sp.
Thymus serpyllum L.
Tilia cordata Mili.
Tilia platyphyllos Scop.
Trifolium repens L.
Ulex europaeus L.
Ulmus minor Mili.
57
CECIDOMYIIDAE
(204) (205)
(198)
(227)
(118)
(118)
(3) (32) (66)
(22) (30)
(163)
(53)
(53) (119)
(120)
(25)
(125) (160)
Única dioica L.
Verbascum nigrum L.
(76) (126)
(26)
Verónica chamaedrys L.
Viburnum lantana L.
Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray
Vicia sativo L.
Vicia septum L.
Vinca minor L.
Viola odorata L.
Viola tricolor L.
Vitis vinifera L.
(158)
(216)
(13)
(128)
(127)
(129)
(59) (96)
(130)
(54) (162)
In the Iberian Península, 7 species of Cecidomyiidae are also inquilines
ofothergalls(32, 173, 174, 176, 177, 199 and 224), 3 are zoophagous (132,
140 and 229) and 1 is phitosaprophagous (35). The biology of the rest of
species (138, 175, 235-240) is unknown.
DEDICATION
This paper is dedicated to the memory of the great Portuguesa entomologist,
Prof. Joaquina da Silva Tavares (1866-1931)., member of the Order of Jesús, who
published many papers dealing with gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) and gall wasps
(Cynipidae) in Portugal in the period 1902 to 1910. He can be considered like the
founder of cecidology in the Iberian Peninsula and his work must be remembered
with honour.
AC KNOWLEDGEMENTS:
Our thanks to Josep Muñoz, P. Bartolomé Artigues and José-Luis Nieves, who
provided bibliographical material, and to Leopoldo Castro, who revised much of the
English versión.
58
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Fecha de recepción: 4 de julio de 1994
Fecha de aceptación: 29 de diciembre de 1995
M. Skuhravá & V. Skuhravy. [nstitute of Enlomology. Academy of Sciences. Bítovská 1227.
CZ-140 00-Praha 4. (Czech Republic)
J. Blasco-Zumeta. C/ Hispanidad 8. E-50750 Pina de Ebro (Zaragoza, Spain)
J. Pujade. Universjtat de Barcelona. Facultat de Biología. Departament de Biología Animal (Artrópodes). E-08028 Barcelona (Spain)

Gall midges (Díptera: Cecidomyiidae) of the Iberian Península

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